农业工程学报2019，Vol.35Issue(19)：46-55,10.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.19.006
甘薯茎尖收获机研制
Development of harvesting mechanism for stem tips of sweet potatoes
摘要
Abstract
The stem tip of vegetable sweet potato is an excellent nutritious and healthy food, which is widely used in many countries. It’s estimated that the total value of Chinese vegetable sweet potato’s market is about tens of billions of yuan, which means it has a promis-ing future. Due to the difficulties of the long harvest period, high harvest requirement, and low mechanized level, the high cost and low efficiency in harvest is prominent. As such, it decreases the motivation of the farmers deeply. Also, the market still has a strong need for the stem tip harvester urgently. In order to fill the blanket in the mechanized harvest on stem tips of vegetable sweet potatoes in China, and to solve the current problems, in this research, we designed a stem tip harvester for vegetable sweet potatoes in combination with agronomy, which was composed of the reeling, cutting, conveying and collecting devices. It could finish cutting, conveying and collect-ing the stem tips for vegetable sweet potatoes every single row in one operation. In this paper, we introduced the harvester’s working theory based on analyzing the whole machine’s mechanical structure. To improve the integrity rate of stem tip, to lower the missing rate in cutting, to lower the stubble height and to improve the harvester’s working quality, we did a test on the harvester’s working parame-ters, using Box-Benhnken＇s central combination test method based on the single factor test. Three-level quadratic regression orthogonal experimental design was done through the forward speed, the reel speed and the reciprocating cutter line speed. The model of response surface was established to research and analysis the machine’s working quality due to different factors. Finally, the optimization of ma-chine operation parameters was realized. The results showed that the prominent order in the stem tips’integrity rates was the reel speed > the reciprocating cutter line speed > the forward speed. The prominent order in the stem tips’missing rate was the forward speed>the reciprocating cutter line speed>the reel speed. The prominent order in the stem tip’s stubble height was the reel speed>the forward speed>the reciprocating cutter line speed. In 2019, the test was done in three times to verify the model’s correction in Baiba test base, Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization. The field test results showed the optimal working parameters were the forward speed 0.38 m/s, the reel speed 26 r/min, and the reciprocating cutter line speed 0.60 m/s. The integrity rate of stem tips was 97.10%, the missing rate was 12.11%, and the stubble height was 62.09 mm. The error was in the range of 5% compared to the theoreti-cal optimization. Compared with the single manual picking efficiency of 0.001 hm2/h, the operating efficiency of this machine can reach 0.1 hm2/h, The operation effect of the machine was obviously improved compared with that of manual operation, better to meet the re-quirements of the vegetable sweet potatoes’stem tips machinery harvesting. The test research supplies a strong support and theoretical basis to the mechanical development of the harvester for vegetable sweet potatoes’stem tips.关键词
农业机械/设计/菜用甘薯/茎尖/收获/响应面Key words
agricultural machinery/design/vegetable sweet potato/stem tip/harvest/response surface分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
沈公威,王公仆,胡良龙,袁建宁,王叶萌,吴腾,陈小冬..甘薯茎尖收获机研制[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(19):46-55,10.基金项目
国家现代农业甘薯产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-10-B-18) （CARS-10-B-18）
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0701604) （2016YFD0701604）
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX19_0517) （SJCX19_0517）
