We would like to thank Dr. Lars Hoffmann for his great help in re-viewing this manuscript. We acknowledge the data used in this paper from the Chinese Meridian Project and the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Research Network (STERN), as well as the ERA5 data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, and the AIRS data provided by NASA. The wind LiDAR data and ra-diosonde are available from University of Science and Techno-logy of China LiDAR group. The ERA5 data can be accessed from https://www.ecmwf.int/. The AIRS Level 2 data are distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information and Services Center (AIRS Science Team and Chahine, 2007). This work is sup-ported by the B-type Strategic Priority Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant No. XDB41000000, the National Natur-al Science Foundation of China (41774158, 41974174, 41831071, and 41904135), the China National Space Administration pre-re-search Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies No. D020105, and the Open Research Project of Large Research Infrastructures of CAS "Study on the interaction between low/mid-latitude atmo-sphere and ionosphere based on the Chinese Meridian Project." （STERN）