An Overview on SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays
Yasin Orooji Hessamaddin Sohrabi Nima Hemmat Fatemeh Oroojalian Behzad Baradaran Ahad Mokhtarzadeh Mohamad Mohaghegh Hassan Karimi‑Maleh
An Overview on SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays
An Overview on SARS?CoV?2(COVID?19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays
摘要
Abstract
A novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin (SARSCoV- 2) has recently been recognized in patients with acute respiratory disease. COVID-19 causative agent is structurally and genetically similar to SARS and bat SARS-like coronaviruses. The drastic increase in the number of coronavirus and its genome sequence have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform bioinformatics and genomics analysis on this class of viruses. Clinical tests like PCR and ELISA for rapid detection of this virus are urgently needed for early identification of infected patients. However, these techniques are expensive and not readily available for point-of-care (POC) applications. Currently, lack of any rapid, available, and reliable POC detection method gives rise to the progression of COVID-19 as a horrible global problem. To solve the negative features of clinical investigation, we provide a brief introduction of the general features of coronaviruses and describe various amplification assays, sensing, biosensing, immunosensing, and aptasensing for the determination of various groups of coronaviruses applied as a template for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. All sensing and biosensing techniques developed for the determination of various classes of coronaviruses are useful to recognize the newly immerged coronavirus, i.e., SARS-CoV-2. Also, the introduction of sensing and biosensing methods sheds light on the way of designing a proper screening system to detect the virus at the early stage of infection to tranquilize the speed and vastity of spreading. Among other approaches investigated among molecular approaches and PCR or recognition of viral diseases, LAMP-based methods and LFAs are of great importance for their numerous benefits, which can be helpful to design a universal platform for detection of future emerging pathogenic viruses.关键词
ELISA/qRT-PCR/Sensing assay/Apta assay/Amplification assayKey words
ELISA/qRT-PCR/Sensing assay/Apta assay/Amplification assay引用本文复制引用
Yasin Orooji,Hessamaddin Sohrabi,Nima Hemmat,Fatemeh Oroojalian,Behzad Baradaran,Ahad Mokhtarzadeh,Mohamad Mohaghegh,Hassan Karimi‑Maleh..An Overview on SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays[J].纳微快报（英文）,2021,13(1):337-366,30.基金项目
The authors are grateful for financial support from the Immunology Research Center,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.The authors are also thankful for the support rendered by the University of Tabriz.The authors hereby express their thanks for the support rendered by Nanjing Forestry University[Grant Nos.163020139,164020818,163020217 and 16302023],and National Natural Science Foundation of China(5201101466).The authors also wish to express their special thanks to Professor Alireza Khataee,Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaei(MD,FICS,Assistant professor,Glaucoma Service,Farabi Eye Hospital,Tehran University of Medical Sciences),Hamed Rezaei(MD,Department of Urology,Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS)),Dr.Shahriar Dadkhah Tehrani and Professor Fatih Sen for their contributions to the current work. （5201101466）
