物理化学学报2021，Vol.37Issue(9)：43-57,15.DOI:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009035
铂基空心纳米框架的合成及其在直接醇燃料电池中的应用
Synthesis and Application of Platinum-Based Hollow Nanoframes for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells
摘要
Abstract
Although platinum(Pt)-based catalysts are suffering from high costs and limited reserves,they are still irreplaceable in a short period of time in terms of catalytic performance.Structural optimization,composition regulation and carrier modification are the common strategies to improve the activity and stability of Pt-based catalyst.Strikingly,the morphological evolution of Pt-based electrocatalyst into nanoframes(NFs)have attracted wide attention to reduce the Pt consumption and improve the electrocatalytic activity simultaneously.Contrary to Pt-based solid nanocrystalline materials,Pt-based NFs have many advantages in higher atomic utilization,open space structure and larger specific surface area,which facilitate electron transfer,mass transport and weaken surface adsorption by more unsaturated coordination sites.Here we introduce the detailed preparation strategies of Pt-based NFs with different etching methods(oxidative etching,chemical etching,galvanic replacement and carbon monoxide etching),crystal structure evolution and formation mechanism,efficient applications for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)and ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)in direct alcohol fuel cells(DAFCs).Based on the high-efficiency atom utilization,open space structure and diverse alloy composition,Pt-based NFs exhibit superior activity,stability and anti-poisoning than commercial counterparts in the application of DAFCs.The current challenges and future development of Pt-based NFs are prospected on the type of NFs materials,synthesis and etching methods,crystal control and catalytic performance.We propose a series of improvement mechanisms of Pt-based NFs,such as small size effect,high-energy facets,Pt-skin construction and Pt-C integration,thereby weakening the molecule absorption,increasing the Pt utilization,strengthening the intrinsic stability,and alleviating the metal dissolution and support corrosion.Additionally,the scale-up synthesis of catalytic materials,membrane electrodes assembly,and development of the start-stop system and the circulation system design are essential for the commercial application of Pt-based NFs and industrial manufacturing of DAFCs.More importantly,the reaction mechanism,active site distribution and dynamic changes in the catalytic material during the catalytic reaction are crucial to further explain the maintenance and evolution of catalytic performance,which will open a window to elucidate the improvement mechanism of the catalyst in the fuel cell reactions.This review work would promote continuous upgradations and understandings on Pt-based NFs in the future development of DAFCs.关键词
燃料电池/电催化剂/铂合金/纳米框架/蚀刻Key words
Fuel cell/Electrocatalyst/Platinum alloy/Nanoframe/Etching分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
黄磊,Shahid Zaman,王志同,牛慧婷,游波,夏宝玉..铂基空心纳米框架的合成及其在直接醇燃料电池中的应用[J].物理化学学报,2021,37(9):43-57,15.基金项目
The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075092),the Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team(2018QYTD15)and the National 1000 Young Talents Program of China.国家自然科学基金(22075092),华中科技大学学术前沿青年团队项目(2018QYTD15)和国家青年千人计划资助 （22075092）
