物理化学学报2021，Vol.37Issue(9)：110-126,17.DOI:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009103
具有经济性的碱性膜燃料电池氢气氧化反应催化剂
Cost-Effective Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction Catalysts for Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
摘要
Abstract
Fuel cells are clean,efficient energy conversion devices that produce electricity from chemical energy stored within fuels.The development of fuel cells has significantly progressed over the past decades.Specifically,polymer electrolyte fuel cells,which are representative of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),exhibit high efficiency,high power density,and quick start-up times.However,the high cost of PEMFCs,partially from the Pt-based catalysts they employ,hinders their diverse applicability.Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells(HEMFCs),which are also known as alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells(APEFCs),alkaline anion-exchange membrane fuel cells(AAEMFCs),anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs),or alkaline membrane fuel cells(AMFCs),have attracted much attention because of their capability to use non-Pt electrocatalysts and inexpensive bipolar plates.The HEMFCs are structurally similar to PEMFCs but they use a polymer electrolyte that conducts hydroxide ions,thus providing an alkaline environment.However,the relatively sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)inhibit the practical application of HEMFCs.The anode catalyst loading needed for HEMFCs to achieve high cell performance is larger than that required for other fuel cells,which substantially increases the cost of HEMFCs.Therefore,low-cost,highly active,and stable HOR catalysts in the alkaline condition are greatly desired.Here,we review the recent achievements in developing such HOR catalysts.First,plausible HOR mechanisms are explored and HOR activity descriptors are summarized.The HOR processes are mainly controlled by the binding energy between hydrogen and the catalysts,but they may also be influenced by OH adsorption,interfacial water adsorption,and the potential of zero(free)charge.Next,experimental methods used to elevate HOR activities are introduced,followed by HOR catalysts reported in the literature,including Pt-,lr-,Pd-,Ru-,and Ni-based catalysts,among others.HEMFC performances when employing various anode catalysts are then summarized,where HOR catalysts with platinum-group metals exhibited the highest HEMFC performance.Although the Ni-based HOR catalyst activity was higher than those of other non-precious metal-based catalysts,they showed unsatisfactory performance in HEMFCs.We further analyzed HEMFC performances while considering anode catalyst cost,where we found that this cost can be reduced by using recently developed,non-Pt HOR catalysts,especially Ru-based catalysts.In fact,an HEMFC using a Ru-based HOR catalyst showed an anode catalyst cost-based performance similar to that of PEMFCs,making the HEMFC promising for use in practical applications.Finally,we proposed routes for developing future HOR catalysts for HEMFCs.关键词
碱性膜燃料电池/氢气氧化反应/电催化剂/铂族金属/成本Key words
Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell/Hydrogen oxidation reaction/Electrocatalyst/Platinum-group metal/Cost分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
薛延荣,庄仲滨,王兴栋,张向前,方锦杰,许志远,张宇烽,刘雪瑞,刘梦园,朱威..具有经济性的碱性膜燃料电池氢气氧化反应催化剂[J].物理化学学报,2021,37(9):110-126,17.基金项目
The project was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0210300)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21671014).国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0210300)和国家自然科学基金(21671014)资助项目 （2019YFA0210300）
