农药学学报2023，Vol.25Issue(6)：1206-1221,16.DOI:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2023.0091
我国近年蔬菜水果中农药残留超标状况浅析
A brief analysis of pesticide residues exceeding maximum residue limits in vegetables and fruits in China
摘要
Abstract
Based on a comprehensive analysis of the publications in the past five years and reports issued by the Market Supervision and Administration Departments of various provinces(municipalities and districts)in 2021-2022 on monitoring of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits,it was found that the magnitudes of pesticide residues reported in publications are roughly consistent with those from official monitoring.The total exceedance rate of pesticide residues in vegetables were 5.09%,among which,legume vegetables had the highest exceedance rate(24.93%),followed by bulb(22.39%),root and tube(8.53%),leafy(6.91%),cucurbits(4.29%),and fruiting vegetables(3.00%).Vegetables with higher pesticide residues included cowpeas,Chinese chives,celery,non-heading Chinese cabbage,and chili peppers.The main pesticide with residues exceeding the maximum residue limits(MRLs)in cowpea was cyromazine,which accounted for 8.27%of the samples of cowpea.In sampled Chinese chives,the pesticide exceedance rate of procymidone was the highest,which was 15.97%based on the standard of GB 2763-2021(0.2 mg/kg),while it was 2.21%based on the latest standard of GB 2763.1-2022(5.0 mg/kg).The other pesticides with high exceedance rates in Chinese chives included chlorpyrifos,methamidophos,cyhalothrin and lambda-cyhalothrin,phorate,carbendazim,acetamiprid,etc.Most of these pesticides detected in Chinese chives covered the pesticide varieties that exceeded the corresponding MRLs in vegetables.The pesticide exceeding MRLs of celery and non-heading Chinese cabbage was mainly chlorpyrifos,which accounted for 4.26%and 1.79%of the samples of celery and non-heading Chinese cabbage,respectively.The main pesticide exceeding MRLs in ginger and chili pepper was clothianidin,which accounted for 15.42%and 3.81%of the samples of ginger and chili pepper.The total exceedance rate of pesticide residues in fruits were 6.33%,among which,tropical and subtropical fruits had the highest exceedance rate(31.50%),followed by citrus fruits(3.15%),berries and other small fruits(2.19%),stone fruits(1.58%),and pome fruits(0.78%).There were two main direct causes of excessive pesticide residues in or on vegetables and fruits in China.One was the use of unregistered pesticides,and the other one was excessive dosage,more frequently use,and failure to observe the pre-harvest intervals.Moreover,untimely revision of the unreasonable MRLs could impact the judgment of residue exceedance,such as the case of procymidone in Chinese chives.关键词
蔬菜/水果/农药残留/监测/残留限量/超标率Key words
vegetable/fruit/pesticide residues/monitoring/maximum residue limit/exceedance rate分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
曾静,乔雄梧..我国近年蔬菜水果中农药残留超标状况浅析[J].农药学学报,2023,25(6):1206-1221,16.基金项目
国家农产品质量安全风险评估重大专项(2020:14205042). Supported by National Key Project of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products(No.2020:14205042). （2020:14205042）
