太平洋学报2023，Vol.31Issue(11)：30-42,13.DOI:10.14015/j.cnki.1004-8049.2023.11.003
"武装到牙齿"的中等强国
The Middle-Power Armed to Teeth:The Securitization of Australia's Policy toward China
摘要
Abstract
Securitization is a political practice in which actors turn public or conventional political issues into security ones through discourse and practice.Since 2016,Australia's policy to China has shown an ob-vious orientation towards securitization in the field of politic,economy,society and cultural exchanges.The paper aims to explore the process,characteristics and influence of Australia's securitization policy and pro-pose China's countermeasures.Since 2016,the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation(ASIO),the executive branch and mass media have formed a securitization alliance,having managed to demonstrate the authenticity of China's influence as an existential threat and the appropriateness of the securitization bills from the logic of causality,time and morality.Hence,the alliance has finally constructed the meaning and belief system of the security field by identifying the existential threat,soliciting support from the audience and enacting the securitization bills.In June 2018,Australia enacted two securitization bills:the Espionage and Foreign Interference(EFI)and the Foreign Influence Transparency Scheme(FITS),which finished the securitization of China's influence and constructed a new security governance order.Security has thus be-come the underlying logic of Australia's policy toward China. The securitization of China's influence is characterized by two remarkable characteristics namely over-securitization and securitization of the other.The over-securitization,which encompasses both pan-securiti-zation and hyper-securitization,is directly reflected in the EFI and the FITS.The former has not only broadened the scope of national security,espionage and secrecy crimes,but also stipulated severe criminal penalties for secret and coercive political interference.However,the latter has undermined the principle of clarity of the rule by law through the broadened and vague definition of foreign agents.The over-securitiza-tion outlined a doomsday scene in which China's influence seriously threatened Australian national identity and democratic values.Meanwhile,the securitization of the other constructed an implicit equivalent rela-tionship between the coercive foreign interference and China,reflecting an image of China being synony-mous with foreign interference.The two characteristic elements refer to a political process of the securitiza-tion,casting China as an enemy and having the intellectual foundation for a self-fulfilling prophecy.The se-curitization has led Australia into a dilemma of defocusing and inappropriateness,which has not only dis-torted the Australia's strategic agenda and caused the misallocation of social resources,but also exacerbated racism and social division.Meanwhile,the securitization of China's influence has not only strengthened the zero-sum mentality of realism and weakened the cooperative thinking of institutionalism,but it also has led to the loss of clarity and applicability of securitization standards.Following this,Austral-ia's policy toward China has failed to follow the logic of appropriateness and consequence.Therefore,the securitization has substantially worsened Australian's emotional cognition of China and driven Australian federal government to abandon its long-last dualistic balancing strategy between China and the US,raising its economic dependence on China and political and security dependence on the U.S..It thus has eliminated the opportunity of China-Australia cooperation and finally generated negative impacts on the China-Aus-tralia relations as well as the international community.Based on the constructive nature of securitization and the characteristics of the securitization of China's influence,China needs to build the de-securitization di-plomacy strategy with the Community of a Shared Future for Mankind(CSFM)as its core value,and the New Type of International Relations and the Overall National Security Concept as its basic frame.There are the specific measures on reactivating and optimizing the diplomatic dialogue mechanism,constructing the China-Australia+X cooperation model,improving the Track Two Diplomacy mechanism and refining Chi-na's system of international discourse and communication.The de-securitized diplomatic strategy will not only rebuild mutually proactive China-Australia relations,but also contribute normative elements to the in-ternational community.关键词
安全化/"话语—行为"/中国影响力/过度安全化/安全化"他者"Key words
securitization/speech-act/Chinese influence/over-securitization/securitization of the other分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
魏衍学.."武装到牙齿"的中等强国[J].太平洋学报,2023,31(11):30-42,13.基金项目
本文系兰州大学中央高校重点研究基地建设项目(2023jbkyjd007)的阶段性研究成果. （2023jbkyjd007）
