表面技术2023，Vol.52Issue(12)：20-41,22.DOI:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.12.002
航空零部件的金属增材制造光整加工技术研究进展
Research Progress of Finishing Technology for Aviation Parts Built by Metal Additive Manufacturing
摘要
Abstract
Additive manufacturing has many advantages,including shape without a mold,high material utilization,and unlimited structural complexity.It is widely used in the integrated manufacturing of complex and lightweight aviation metal parts.In recent years,with the exploration of the principle and characteristics of metal additive manufacturing technology,the variety and quality of additive manufacturing parts have been fully developed.The application status of metal additive manufacturing technology in the aviation field at home and abroad is summarized,and the difficulties and challenges faced by metal additive manufacturing parts in mass production and practical application are analyzed.At present,the application of additive manufacturing technology in the aviation field is mature abroad.Compared with foreign countries,China has also made some progress in the surface quality and mechanical properties of additive manufacturing parts.However,there are still some gaps in post-processing. The defects of additive manufacturing parts include powder adhesion,step effect,balling effect,cracks,pores,and complex residual stress distribution.Poor surface integrity affects fatigue performance and seriously restricts the large-scale application of additive manufacturing in industry.To improve the surface integrity of aviation additive manufacturing parts,this article focuses on the processing adaptability of various finishing technologies such as chemistry,electrochemistry,abrasive flow,barrel,and laser in the aviation metal additive manufacturing field.The research involves surfaces created through additive manufacturing using different materials,including titanium alloy,stainless steel,aluminum alloy,copper alloy,etc.,and the influence of structural features such as tubes,grids,lattices,thin walls,curved surfaces,complex cavities,and other parts on finishing behavior.Each finishing technology's processing mechanism and appropriate processing parameters are reviewed to determine the optimal processing strategy.The processing effects of each technology on the surface of additive manufacturing are summarized from the perspectives of surface roughness,surface hardness,micromorphology,and so on.The advantages and disadvantages of different finishing technologies are compared and analyzed. Chemical finishing and electrochemical finishing have good accessibility and usually produce no residual stress during the process,which can be applied to complex structures such as grids and arrays.However,the processing of these two finishing technologies is not very environmentally friendly,and it is difficult to accurately control the accuracy of the parts.In contrast,barrel finishing and abrasive flow machining can control the machining process very well.They usually have a high material removal rate,which can respond quickly to rough surfaces.These two finishing technologies have a long processing time and are prone to edge effects.It is necessary to control the complex flow field.Laser finishing has a high degree of automation and can be integrated with additive manufacturing systems.However,its accessibility is limited,and the processing process may increase the generation of thermal residual stress.After that,combined with the advantages and disadvantages of each finishing technology,the multi-energy field coupling synergistic effect of different combination finishing processes such as chemical-electrochemistry,mechanical-chemistry,and mechanical-electrochemistry is introduced. In the future,research on the finishing technology of aviation metal additive manufacturing parts will focus on complex features,establish a more complete theoretical framework,and lead to more innovative finishing processes.关键词
增材制造/航空金属零部件/光整加工/表面缺陷/表面粗糙度/复杂结构Key words
additive manufacturing/aviation metal parts/finishing processing/surface defects/surface roughness/complex construction引用本文复制引用
刘静怡,李文辉,李秀红,杨胜强,温学杰,武荣穴..航空零部件的金属增材制造光整加工技术研究进展[J].表面技术,2023,52(12):20-41,22.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(51875389、51975399、52075362) （51875389、51975399、52075362）
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2022B004、YDZJSX2022A020)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875389,51975399,52075362) （YDZJSX2022B004、YDZJSX2022A020）
Central Government Guided Local Development Foundation(YDZJSX2022B004,YDZJSX2022A020) （YDZJSX2022B004,YDZJSX2022A020）
