表面技术2023，Vol.52Issue(12)：260-273,14.DOI:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.12.022
极地海洋环境服役材料的摩擦学研究进展
Research Progress in Tribology of Materials in Polar Marine Environment
摘要
Abstract
With the development of navigation in the Arctic and the exploitation of polar resources,much attention has been paid to how to improve the tribological properties of materials used in the polar marine environment.For the characteristics of the polar marine environment,materials are often attacked by wear,corrosion and corrosive wear due to ice and corrosive substances in the sea.In addition,the low temperature and humid environment will not only increase the brittleness of materials,but also lead to icing on the surface of materials and change the friction and wear mechanism of materials.The strong ultraviolet light will accelerate the aging of coatings.All these factors will reduce the wear resistance and eventually lead to failure of materials.Therefore,the tribology of materials in polar marine environment is closely related to their properties and determines their service life.Based on the tribology problems in materials used in polar marine environment,the characteristics of polar marine environment,such as polar temperature,polar marine atmosphere,polar seawater composition and polar microorganisms,and their effects on tribological properties of materials were introduced.Next,research progress in the tribological property of metal,inorganic nonmetallic materials and polymer in polar marine environment and their improvement ways,such as modification,surface treatment was given in detail.For metal,the reduction of temperature will hinder the formation of oxidation transition layer,thus increasing the friction coefficient and wear amount of substrate materials.Besides,when the metal is subject to wear-corrosion coupling,wear plays an important role in material loss.Adding Ni,Cr,Mo and other alloying elements into the metal can reduce the tough-brittle transition temperature of the metal,and also refine the grain to strengthen the wear resistance.For concrete,it is subject to a freeze-thaw cycle that increases its porosity and decreases its strength,making it easier to wear.When it is rubbed with ice,the ice will break into crushed ices,and they act as abrasive particles to increase the wear of concrete.Changing the type and proportion of concrete aggregate can improve the overall strength of concrete and improve its freeze-thaw resistance.For polymer,the decrease of temperature will increase the hardness of polymer,reduce the contact area and thus reduce the friction coefficient.On the other hand,the decrease of temperature will increase the bond strength between the materials and thus increase the friction coefficient.The surface modification of the polymer material can reduce the contact area,thus reducing the friction,and also can strengthen the lubrication effect of water flow on the friction interface.Filling the polymer material with self-lubricating materials can also reduce the friction coefficient of the material and improve the wear resistance at low temperature.For coatings,with the decrease of temperature,the toughness of the coating decreases,and the problems such as embrittlement and cracking occur easily.By hydrophobic modification of polymer coating,introduction of soft segments or filling of hard particles,the problems such as icing and aging cracking of coatings can be solved.Finally,the blueprint of research study on tribology in polar marine environment is prospected by reviewing the problem and development trend.关键词
极地海洋环境/摩擦学/磨损/腐蚀/涂层/材料Key words
polar marine environment/tribology/wear/corrosion/coatings/materials分类
机械制造引用本文复制引用
徐昊钺,安丽琼,董丽华,范润华..极地海洋环境服役材料的摩擦学研究进展[J].表面技术,2023,52(12):260-273,14.基金项目
上海深远海洋装备材料工程技术研究中心项目(19DZ2253100)Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Centre of Deep Offshore Material(19DZ2253100) （19DZ2253100）
