河南农业科学2023，Vol.52Issue(12)：22-30,9.DOI:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.003
磷肥施用深度对谷子根系分布、氮素吸收利用和产量的影响
Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Depth on Root Distribution,Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization and Yield of Foxtail Millet
摘要
Abstract
In order to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of phosphate fertilizer in foxtail millet production,a field experiment was conducted with four phosphate fertilizer application depths of 5 cm(P5),10 cm(P10),15 cm(P15)and 20 cm(P20)with no phosphate fertilizer application as control(CK),and the effects of phosphorus fertilizer application depth on root distribution,dry matter accumulation and transportation,nitrogen uptake and utilization,and yield of foxtail millet were studied.The results showed that suitable application depth of phosphate fertilizer promoted the growth of foxtail millet roots,and increased root length,root surface area and dry weight of root,showing a trend of P15>P10>P5>P20>CK.With the increase of phosphate fertilizer application depth,the root length,root surface area and dry weight of root of foxtail millet in deep soil increased,and the values showed P20>P15>P10>P5>CK in 20-40 cm soil layer.Suitable application depth of phosphate fertilizer could promote dry matter accumulation and transportation of foxtail millet.Compared with P5 treatment,the dry matter accumulations at maturity of P10,P15 and P20 treatments increased by 4.60%,10.29% and 0.92%,respectively,and the dry matter transfer rates increased by 6.49%,10.06% and-20.13%,respectively.Deep application of phosphate fertilizer increased the uptake and utilization of nitrogen by roots in deep soil.The available nitrogen content in deep soil,especially in the 20-40 cm soil layer,significantly decreased compared with P5 treatment.Compared with P5 treatment,the total nitrogen accumulations of P10,P15 and P20 treatments increased by 3.91%,17.85% and 5.31% at maturity,respectively;nitrogen absorption efficiencies increased by 5.88%,19.12% and 7.35%,and partial productivities of nitrogen increased by 18.95%,32.88% and-1.26%,respectively.Suitable application depth of phosphate fertilizer increased grain weight per spike,yield and harvest index,which all showed P15>P10>P5>P20>CK,the yields of P10 and P15 treatments increased by 18.98% and 32.86% compared with P5 treatment,respectively,and the yield of P20 treatment decreased by 1.27% compared with P5 treatment.In conclusion,15 cm is the optimal depth of phosphorus fertilizer application,which can promote the growth and down lapping of foxtail millet roots,improve the uptake and utilization of nitrogen by roots in soil,promote the accumulation and transportation of dry matter,and increase the yield by 32.86% compared with the shallow application of phosphorus fertilizer at 5 cm.关键词
谷子/磷肥/施用深度/根系/干物质积累/氮素吸收/产量Key words
Foxtail millet/Phosphorus fertilizer/Application depth/Root/Dry matter accumulation/Nitrogen absorption/Yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
朱灿灿,付森杰,秦娜,王春义,代书桃,宋迎辉,魏昕,李君霞..磷肥施用深度对谷子根系分布、氮素吸收利用和产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2023,52(12):22-30,9.基金项目
河南省重点研发专项(231111110300) （231111110300）
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(Z20221341070) （Z20221341070）
农业农村部/财政部现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(nycytx-CARS-06) （nycytx-CARS-06）
河南省良种联合攻关项目(2022010401) （2022010401）
河南省农业科学院科技创新团队专项(2023TD036) （2023TD036）
