煤田地质与勘探2023，Vol.51Issue(12)：69-82,14.DOI:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.23.11.0768
活动断层避让距离确定的理论基础与应用实例
Theory and application of setback distance from active faults
摘要
Abstract
Determining setbacks from active faults is the"last 1 km"from active fault surveys to their application to seismic disaster mitigation.It is also a technique for blocking the risk sources of earthquake-induced chains of geologic hazards.Field investigations and experimental studies have demonstrated that buildings and structures can be free from catastrophic destruction caused by coseismic ruptures and offset of active faults provided they are kept at a certain finite distance from the active fault traces.Therefore,determining setbacks from active faults serves as an ultimate goal of the surveys and precise localization of active faults.Based on the definitions and terminologies related to setbacks from act-ive faults,this study systematically analyzes the width of earthquake rupture localization of various active faults,the hanging-wall effects of surface ruptures/disasters induced by dip-slip faults,and the shearing and tearing of buildings and structures caused by the coseismic ruptures and offset of active faults,which jointly shape the spatial distribution of destruction zones.These characteristics constitute the theory of setbacks from active faults.Accordingly,this study high-lights the application scopes of standards for setbacks from active faults,the bases and ranges for delineating the regulat-ory zones of active faults,the positioning accuracy of setbacks from active faults required for construction sites,and the basic setback distance(D0)for general buildings and structures within the regulatory zones around active faults.This value can be used as the minimum distance for setbacks from the foot walls of nearly vertical strike-slip faults and dip-slip faults.It is recommended that the setback distance from the hanging walls of normal faults with dip angles of about 60° and reverse faults with dip angles of about 30° should be approximately twice and 3 to 4 times D0,respectively.For particular buildings and structures,different from general ones,their safety directly influences social stability and nation-al prosperity.Therefore,this study presents classified setback distances specific to these buildings and structures to en-sure that they will not induce serious secondary disasters during earthquakes.Finally,this study briefly introduces do-mestic and international laws/regulations concerning setbacks from active faults,along with illustrative examples.As a scientific and effective technique for blocking earthquake-induced geologic hazards,determining setbacks for active faults can effectively determine setback means and distance for the anti-rupture of buildings and structures.Furthermore,this technology provides innovative technical support for ensuring the seismic safety of the sustainable economic and so-cial development of China and the infrastructure construction of the"Belt and Road"Initiative proposed by the country.关键词
活动断层/地震地表破裂带/变形/破裂局部化特征/活动断层管制区/避让距离Key words
active fault/earthquake surface rupture zone/deformation/rupture localization characteristics/regulatory zone around active fault/setback distance分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
魏雷鸣,吴熙彦,徐锡伟,李峰,曹筠,任俊杰,程佳,张宪兵,贾启超,陈桂华..活动断层避让距离确定的理论基础与应用实例[J].煤田地质与勘探,2023,51(12):69-82,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(41941016) （41941016）
国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFB2301401) （2021YFB2301401）
