南方建筑Issue(12)：76-86,11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2023.12.009
"类诗"构园
Garden Construction based on Classical Chinese Poetry:A Case Study on Appreciation of Suzhou Liuyuan
摘要
Abstract
Chinese traditional gardens share similar origin and principles with the classical Chinese poetry and literature.Since the ancient times,the perception has been that gardening is similar to writing poetry.Chen Congzhou proposed a theory of"gardening based on classical Chinese poetry"and believed that"studying Chinese traditional gardens should start with classical Chinese poetry".Studies involving the poetic context of gardens have attracted extensive attention.Current studies focus on the artistic conception of the relationship between Chinese classical poetry and gardens.However,studies involving Chinese traditional garden construction mainly relied on the"space"theory of modern architecture.They are greatly limited in tracing the origins of Chinese traditional garden construction principles.The typical structure of the classical Chinese poetry is based on Introduction-Development-Transition-Culmination(IDTC)sequence,which affected the construction of Chinese traditional gardens.Based on the theory developed by Chen Congzhou and the IDIC principle,this study investigated the construction of Liuyuan,which is a picturesque and poetic literati gardens in Jiangnan region during the Liu(1794-1860)and Sheng periods(1873-1911),and since1953.The study analyzed historical documents,such as travel notes,couplets,and poems.Additionally,the illumination intensities in Liuyuan were tested in different seasons,weathers,and periods of the day by combining visitors'appreciation and experience.Finally,the construction of Chinese traditional gardens similar to poetry were summarized as:"the beginning requires gradual progress from the inversion peak,the development needs repetition,the high tide requires contrast and turning,and the end shall be circuitous and endless".Specifically,the starting sequences used the"inversion-peak"modes of"come to the point directly"and"better off",thus generating confused entry experiences.The structure formed by continuous overlay and repeated developmental sequences contributed to the up-and-down and progressive succession in appreciation.A profound impact of"pathways from mountains and waters"was generated.The sudden changes and the relationship between mountains and water in transition sequences contributed to the contrast and changes in landscape and visiting experience.The theme of"exploring the mysterious and adventuring scenes"was highlighted by contrasting relationships,such as subject vs.object,dynamic vs.static environments,flat paths vs.steep mountains,mountains vs.water,and virtual scene vs.physical scenes.The culmination sequences were placed in the surrounding courtyards or pavilions in the high sites,creating an endless artistic conception.Although both poetries and gardens are common in context structure and creation logic,the techniques of"gardening without styles","creation without fixed pattern"and"IDTC"are used routinely.Further,a relatively dynamic succession was observed during sequence transition and turning.In the context of contemporary cultural renaissance in China,tracing the construction skills of Chinese traditional garden is important to provide a unique perspective for further studies.关键词
中国古典园林/留园/诗文造园/构园章法/观赏序列Key words
Chinese classical gardens/Liuyuan/poetry-based gardening technique/construction rules/appreciation sequence分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
梁明捷,张文祎.."类诗"构园[J].南方建筑,2023,(12):76-86,11.基金项目
广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD21CYS03):明清江南画意造园逻辑研究. （GD21CYS03）
