气象学报2023，Vol.81Issue(6)：866-878,13.DOI:10.11676/qxxb2023.20220217
台风"米克拉"在台湾海峡南部快速增强的原因分析
Analysis for the rapid intensification of typhoon Mekkhala in southern Taiwan Strait
摘要
Abstract
Using the interim reanalysis data of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA-Interim),the tropical cyclone best track data from Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,the NOAA daily optimum sea surface temperature(OISST),Himawari-8 satellite data,and observations collected at automatic weather stations(AWS)in China,the difficulties of the intensity forecasting of typhoon Mekkhala in the southern Taiwan Strait are analyzed.The environmental factors and the asymmetric distribution of the convective burst during the rapid intensification of Mekkhala in the southern Taiwan Strait are further studied.Results are as follows:(1)The rapid intensification of typhoon Mekkhala in the southern Taiwan Strait under the strong 200-850 hPa vertical wind shear and its landing in Fujian province at peak intensity are very rare,which resulted in a short warning time and great difficulties in intensity prediction.(2)The favorable ocean heat condition and large-scale environmental conditions such as the abnormal warm sea surface temperature in the northern South China Sea,the strong upper-level outflow caused by the easterly jet to the south of the South Asian High,and the abundant and stable southwesterly monsoon water vapor transport all play an important role in the rapid intensification of typhoon Mekkhala in the southern Taiwan Strait.(3)The traditional environmental vertical wind shear(200-850 hPa)is very strong,but the vertical distribution of the environmental wind shows that the environmental vertical wind shear is mainly concentrated in the middle and upper levels,while the shear in the middle and lower levels is relatively weak.However,the vertical wind shear in upper and middle levels has relatively little inhibition on the typhoon intensification.(4)During the rapid intensification of typhoon Mekkhala,the distribution of deep convection presented obvious asymmetric distribution characteristics.The convection was mainly concentrated in the down shear side and the left side of the environmental vertical wind shear(200-850 hPa),accompanied by cyclonic propagation of convective burst from the down shear side to the up shear side,and the tilt of typhoon significantly reduced.Further studies on the impact mechanism of environmental vertical wind shear at different levels on typhoon intensity change and characteristics of asymmetric convective bust during typhoon intensification under strong environmental vertical wind shear will be conducted in the future based on more cases.关键词
台风/快速增强/环境因子/强环境风垂直切变/对流爆发/非对称Key words
Typhoon/Rapid intensification/Environmental factors/Strong environmental vertical wind shear/Convective burst/Asymmetric distribution分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
吕心艳,董林,高拴柱..台风"米克拉"在台湾海峡南部快速增强的原因分析[J].气象学报,2023,81(6):866-878,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(42175016)、上海台风研究基金项目(TFJJ202004). （42175016）
