风景园林2024，Vol.31Issue(1)：89-96,8.DOI:10.3724/j.fjyl.202306010255
城市荒野的生态与文化价值研究进展
Progress of Research on Ecological and Cultural Values of Urban Wilderness
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]In the context of enhanced construction of ecological civilization in China,the concept of urban green development and urban organic renewal continue to advance,the nature-based technology for rewilding of urban ecological space is rapidly developing,and the public's awareness of ecological protection has increased,making the ecological and cultural values of urban wilderness increasingly prominent.The protection,restoration,and development of urban wilderness play an important role in increasing urban biodiversity,promoting the sustainability of urban ecosystem,enriching the cultural connotation of urban landscape,improving residents'quality of life,and promoting cultural identity and community cohesion. [Methods]This research analyzes the concept and connotation of urban wilderness with a focus on the ecological and cultural values of urban wilderness.With"urban"and"wilderness or wildness or wildscape"as theme search terms,the research reviews the progress of relevant researches at home and abroad over the past 30 years through the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)core journals,CSSCI,CSCD,and"Web of Science"databases.Moreover,the research summarizes the existing research consensus,and discusses future research directions to be further explored. [Results]The research shows that there are three tendencies in the academic understanding of urban wilderness,including"urban wilderness areas"that focus on the ecological characteristics of specific locations,"wildness experience points"that emphasize the wildness experience of urban residents,and"urban wildscape"and"urban wildness"that combine ecological characteristics of specific locations with resident experience.Different types of urban wilderness correspond to different processes of maintaining or restoring natural dominance.The wild nature formed by the high self-regulation capability of urban wilderness can provide ecological support services,provisioning services,regulating services,and cultural services to the city.These services play an important role in promoting urban sustainable development,improving residents'quality of life,and promoting harmonious coexistence between human and the natural environment.However,compared to the support services and cultural services,regulating services and provisioning services still lack empirical research.Subsequent research may focus on performance evaluation of urban wilderness practice projects centering around the regulating services and provisioning services to comprehensively reveal the ecological value of urban wilderness.The research from the cultural perspective of urban wilderness mainly emphasizes residents'subjective perception and experience at the spiritual level,involving residents'natural image,landscape preference,and landscape experience of urban wilderness.Residents'natural image of urban wilderness corresponds to residents'perception of urban wilderness.On the one hand,the nature-dominated characteristics of urban wilderness may evoke contradictory perceptions.On the other hand,personal growth environment,frequency of contact with urban wilderness,values,and cultural backgrounds may also influence residents'understanding and cognition of the natural image of urban wilderness.Residents'landscape preference for urban wilderness reflects their specific evaluations of wildness.The spatial structure,management level and accessibility of urban wilderness,as well as residents'age,gender,education level,cultural background,etc.,may all influence their preferences for urban wilderness.Therefore,it is helpful to increase the public's understanding,appreciation,and awareness of the ecological,economic,and cultural values of wilderness landscape through multimedia science popularization activities.Residents'experience in urban wilderness is related to their pursuit of interest and emotional attachment to the wilderness.There is a consensus among scholars on endowing wilderness spaces with a core meaning of"experience".Urban residents can experience wilderness by combining sensory experience and imagination.Urban wilderness also helps urban residents form attachment to places,thereby enhancing their self-esteem and personal identity.Therefore,designers may create private spaces for solitude and contemplation,set up viewing platforms to experience seasonal changes,and provide various recreational facilities to enrich residents'experiences in urban wilderness. [Conclusion]Based on the analysis of the ecological and cultural values of urban wilderness,this research summarizes three aspects of the connection between the ecological and cultural characteristics and values of urban wilderness for future exploration:the dynamic evolution of urban wilderness is a key feature that promotes wilderness perception;the nature-dominated characteristics of urban wilderness have a dual effect on cultural perception;the integration of ecological and cultural perspectives jointly influences the stability and development prospects of urban wilderness ecosystems.Finally,the research proposes several development suggestions for practitioners and researchers in landscape planning and design,including the formulation of technical indicators related to urban wilderness,the systematic identification and evaluation of urban wilderness areas that need protection and restoration,the determination of corresponding conservation and management requirements,the enhancement of publicity and education to promote public participation,and the promotion of multi-sector cooperation to form a multi-participation work pattern.关键词
风景园林/城市设计/城市荒野/生态系统/文化感知Key words
landscape architecture/urban design/urban wilderness/ecosystem/cultural perception分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
李嘉宁,王志勇,吴珊珊,谢梦云..城市荒野的生态与文化价值研究进展[J].风景园林,2024,31(1):89-96,8.基金项目
国家社会科学基金后期资助一般项目"《东京梦华录》中的城市空间意象研究"(编号23FYSB047) （编号23FYSB047）
国家重点研发计划"城市水生态修复技术与功能评价"(编号2016YFC0401105) （编号2016YFC0401105）
国家自然科学基金面上项目"城市水适应性景观的水文调控机制及绩效评估"(编号51678002) （编号51678002）
