华北农学报2023，Vol.38Issue(6)：81-93,13.DOI:10.7668/hbnxb.20194166
华北北部夏玉米适期早播的增产效果
Yield Promoting Effect of Early Sowing of Summer Maize at Appropriate Time in Northern North China
摘要
Abstract
In order to reveal the influence mechanism of sowing date adjustment on crop yield formation,a field experiment was conducted to adjust the sowing date of the same variety of summer maize from 2019 to 2021 at Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorology National Observation and Research Station in Northern north China,which was set up in four sowing date,as 10 d early sowing,10 d late sowing,20 d late sowing and control.By monitoring the growth period changes,plant dry matter accumulation,leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain filling char-acteristics,and sampling at maturity to determine the yield components,the results showed that:the sowing date of summer maize was appropriate to be advanced,the seedling stage,ear stage and the whole growth period were ex-tended,especially,the duration of effective filling was extended with the advance of sowing date.The effective grain filling duration days were extended by 4.7 days for every 10 days ahead of the sowing date.The average filling rate of winter wheat was 4.04%higher on the sowing date was advanced by 10 days,compared with the sowing date was deferred by 10 or 20 days and the control.Grain filling accumulation increased,and 100-grain weight increased by 5.459 g.The main yield components of summer maize,such as grain number per ear,grain weight per ear and 100-grain weight showed significant differences during sowing,and increased with the sowing date.The theoretical yield increased by 1 395.4 kg/ha with 10 days ahead of the sowing date during the experimental period from June 8 to July 8.The average net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of leaves in the critical development period of summer maize in-creased by 0.764 μmol/(m2·s)with every 10 days ahead of sowing date,and the average Pn of sowing date 10 days earlier was increased by 7.31%compared with the control and late sowing 10 and 20 days.With the increase of pho-tosynthetic rate,dry matter production,accumulation and transfer to grain were increased,and the grain weight per ear and 100-grain weight increased by an average of 24.01%and 18.00%,respectively,compared to the control and late sowing 10 and 20 days.Advancing sowing date resulted in low plant height,strong stems,lodging resistance,large indi-vidual green leaf area,high leaf area index(LAI),and high leaf photosynthesis ability,above-ground dry matter allo-cation rate at maturity stage every 10 days in advance of sowing date:grain weight improved by 2.26%,the source—pool distribution of dry matter between plant vegetative organ and ear changed,ear weight per ear,100-grain weight and grain yield increased.The research showed that the double cropping area of winter wheat—summer maize in north China could effectively improve the yield per unit area by making full use of the heat resources increased by climate warming,reasonably allocating stubble,sowing summer maize early at the appropriate time,and extending the development period and grain filling time.关键词
夏玉米/华北北部/播种期/生长特征/增产效果Key words
Summer maize/Northern north China/Sowing date/Growth characteristics/Yield-increasing effect分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
任三学,周广胜,赵花荣,田晓丽,耿金剑..华北北部夏玉米适期早播的增产效果[J].华北农学报,2023,38(6):81-93,13.基金项目
中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术开放研究基金项目(AMF202007) （AMF202007）
国家自然科学基金项目(42071402) （42071402）
中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J051) （CXFZ2022J051）
