林业经济问题2023，Vol.43Issue(4)：393-400,8.DOI:10.16832/j.cnki.1005-9709.20230230
重点国有林区林业职工老龄化趋势表征、潜在影响与应对机制
Trend Characteristics,Potential Impact and Coping Mechanism of the Aging of Forestry Workers in Key State-owned Forest Areas
摘要
Abstract
⑴ Background——There are obvious signs of population outflow in Northeast China in recent years.The aging of forestry workers will bring severe challenges to the protection of natural forest resources and ecological construction in forest areas.This will inevitably lead to profound changes in the economic and social structure and function of forest areas and the practice of ecological construction in forest areas. ⑵ Methods——On the basis of sorting out the development process of population flow in the key state-owned forest areas,according to the data of the people's livelihood monitoring project of the key state-owned for-est areas from 2012 to 2021,this paper discusses the trend characteristics of the aging of forestry workers in the key state-owned forest areas and analyzes its potential impact. ⑶ Results——First,the aging risk of forestry workers was higher.The age distribution of forestry workers was concentrated in the age range of 40-60 years old,and the proportion of young workers was relatively stable,which is difficult to provide sustained and strong support for the economic growth and industrial transformation of state-owned forest areas.Second,the aged forestry workers and their families had multiple livelihood difficulties.First of all,the family medical burden of the aged forestry workers was greater.The ratio of direct medical expenditure to total income showed an overall upward trend,and this ratio rose to 9.7%in 2020,and some indirect medical costs such as trans-portation costs,escort costs and opportunity costs also brought a certain burden to the families of the aged forestry workers.Secondly,the housing risk of forestry workers'families still existed.There were still a considerable number of forestry workers living in the forest farms in the mountains,and the transportation was inconvenient.The housing con-ditions had not been thoroughly repaired and improved for many years.Finally,the property income of forestry workers'families was insufficient.In the total income composition of forestry workers'families,the wage income accounted for more than 80%and the increase was limited,and the property income always accounted for less than 5%. ⑷Conclusions and Discussions——The aging of forestry workers in key state-owned forest areas has some potential impacts.First,the aging weakens the driving role of labor force factors on the development of a se-ries of understory industries,and is not conducive to the industrial transformation under multiple operations and the development of various successive industries.Second,the aging is not conducive to the protection of ecological re-sources under the requirements of high quality,and makes it difficult to guarantee the quality of ecological resource protection in forest areas in the future.Third,the aging the decline in household income and the increase in medi-cal expenditure caused by the aging of forestry workers will further affect the resilience of families'livelihoods of the forestry workers,making their ability to cope with various kinds of economic and social risks continue to decline,and the vulnerability risk of household poverty will increase.Based on the above analysis,the following policy rec-ommendations are put forward:First,implement a diversified industrial development mechanism.Improve the abil-ity of long-term development of forest industry by scientifically planning the succession industry system of state-owned forest areas and introducing the capital operation and market operation mechanism.Second,implement a modern technical support mechanism.In forestry development and ecological protection,increase capital invest-ment,improve the application level of high-tech,and reduce the work intensity of forestry workers.Third,imple-ment a professional staff training mechanism.Improve the management process of talent training,introduction and use,actively explore the introduction mechanism of forestry talents,and guide migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses or employment.Fourth,implement a sustainable social security mechanism.Improve the social welfare security system,give full play to the multiple advantages of mutual assistance for the elderly,and establish a comprehensive,multi-level and sustainable social security mechanism for the forest workers.关键词
重点国有林区/林业职工/人口老龄化/国有林区改革Key words
key state-owned forest area/forestry worker/population aging/reform of state-owned forest area分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
潘思宁,朱震锋,宋玥..重点国有林区林业职工老龄化趋势表征、潜在影响与应对机制[J].林业经济问题,2023,43(4):393-400,8.基金项目
东北林业大学国家级大学生创新创业项目(DC-2023089)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572020BM022) （DC-2023089）
