物理学报2023，Vol.72Issue(24)：2-9,8.DOI:10.7498/aps.72.20231144
实用化态制备误差容忍参考系无关量子密钥分发协议
Study of practical state-preparation error tolerant reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution protocol
摘要
Abstract
Quantum key distribution(QKD)enables the establishment of shared keys between two distant users,Alice and Bob,based on the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics,and it has proven to possess information-theoretic security.In most of QKD systems,Alice and Bob require a shared reference frame,and real-time calibration of the reference frame increases system costs and reduces its performance.Fortunately,the reference-frame-independent QKD protocol has been proposed,overcoming reference-frame drift issues and receiving widespread attention.However,in practical QKD systems,the non-ideal characteristics of realistic devices introduce certain inconsistency between the theory and the practice.In real-world quantum key distribution systems,device imperfections can lead to security vulnerabilities,thereby reducing system security.For example,imperfections in the encoding apparatus at the source end may result in errors in the quantum states.The inherent defects in the detection part may cause after-pulse effects and dead-time effects,thus reducing the key rate.Therefore,in this work,we propose a practical state-preparation error tolerant reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution protocol by taking imperfections in both the source and the detectors into account.Moreover,a three-intensity decoy-state scheme for modeling analysis and numerical simulations is employed.In this protocol,we reduce the influence of state-preparation errors on the key rate by utilizing virtual state methods to precisely estimate the phase-error rate.Furthermore,by characterizing the effects of after-pulses and dead-time on the key rate,our protocol exhibits higher robustness and can effectively address issues related to detector imperfections.This approach can also be extended to other quantum key distribution protocols with higher security levels,such as measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution protocol and twin-field quantum key distribution,further mitigating the influence of device imperfections on practical implementation of QKD system.Therefore,our present work provide important reference value for putting the quantum key distributions into practical application.关键词
量子密钥分发/态制备误差/参考系无关协议/后脉冲效应/死时间效应Key words
quantum key distribution/state preparation error/reference-frame-independent protocol/after-pulse effect/dead-time effect引用本文复制引用
周阳,马啸,周星宇,张春辉,王琴..实用化态制备误差容忍参考系无关量子密钥分发协议[J].物理学报,2023,72(24):2-9,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(批准号:12074194,11774180)、江苏省自然科学基金前沿技术项目(批准号:BK20192001)、江苏省重点研发计划产业前瞻与关键核心技术项目(批准号:BE2022071)和江苏省研究生科研创新计划(批准号:SJCX22_0276,KYCX23_1039).Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074194,11774180),the Leading-edge Technology Program of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20192001),the Industrial Prospect and Key Core Technology Projects of Key R & D Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BE2022071),and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.KYCX20_0726,KYCX23_1039). （批准号:12074194,11774180）
