西部人居环境学刊2023，Vol.38Issue(6)：30-37,8.DOI:10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230605
基于多源数据的街区形态要素对地表热环境的影响测度与贡献评估
Assessing the Contribution and Impact of the Block Morphological Factors on the Surface Thermal Environment Using Multi-Source Data
摘要
Abstract
In recent years,due to the combined impact of global climate change and rapid urbanization,overheating issues have occurred frequently in numerous cities.As one of the well-known heat-related phenomena,urban heat island(UHI)has been recognized to have a high occurrence probability,wide impact,and high risk in the future.Generally,the UHI refers to land surface temperature(LST)and air temperature in urban areas that are significantly higher than those in the surrounding rural areas.Recent studies have shown that the UHI effect can increase energy consumption,accelerate air pollution,and affect urban prosperity and livability.This inevitably poses a negative impact on human health,especially for elderly people aged above 65.Thus,it is significant to pay more attention to the rising temperatures in urban areas.How to effectively alleviate such serious weather-related problems and reduce urban heat-wave risk has become a critical issue in the current process of high-quality urban development. Urban morphology is a key factor affecting the spatiotemporal distribution of the thermal environment.The different morphology patterns directly affect the surface heat storage and evaporation,further influencing the distribution of horizontal and vertical wind distribution.Specifically,the transformation of urban morphology in two-dimensional and three-dimensional directions significantly affects the regional heat accumulation.In the process of urbanization,a large number of buildings and roads with high heat storage capacity continuously dissipate heat,accompanied by traffic heat emissions and anthropogenic heat emissions,causing changes in heat exchange and airflow between the surface and atmospheric environment.This further affects the local thermal environment within the city,resulting in a microclimate phenomenon where the temperature in the urban built-up areas is significantly higher than that in the surrounding suburbs.Thus,rational optimization of urban morphology can effectively alleviate the UHI effect.Numerous studies have explored the spatiotemporal characteristics and the impact of morphological factors on the thermal environments to address the problem of the UHI effect.However,these studies mainly focus on the two-dimensional land surface cover by using traditional method such as correlation analysis and linear regression,lacking a systematic analysis with multidimensional indicators.Furthermore,the contribution of different morphological indicators to the local thermal environment has not yet been fully understood. To address the aforementioned knowledge gap,410 block units in the main urban area of Xi'an were the study object,with a focus on the surface thermal environment.ENVI land surface temperature(LST)inversion,ArcGIS spatial statistical analysis,and Fragstats landscape pattern analysis were adopted to quantify the spatiotemporal variation of the surface thermal environment by using remote sensing image data,building vector data,and Google Map data.Meanwhile,block morphological features were systematically described in terms of two-dimensional land cover,three-dimensional space combination,and landscape pattern characteristics.Furthermore,the principal component analysis method was used to scientifically evaluate the contribution of various morphological elements to the surface thermal environment.This study found that from 2000 to 2019,the heat island in Xi'an spread from the center to the periphery.Generally,high-temperature areas are concentrated commercial areas(Bell Tower),industrial areas in the north,storage areas in the west,industrial areas in the southwest,etc.,while low-temperature areas are urban parks and water bodies.The average LST increased by 7.29℃,the average UHII increased by 3.15℃,and the total amount of LST increased by 3491.84℃/km2.Furthermore,two-dimensional land cover and landscape-type patterns have a significant influence on the thermal environment at the block level,with index weight ratios of 36.64%and 35.50%.The proportion of construction land and building density have prominent positive influence,with the contribution degree of 0.658 and 0.319.The proportion of green space has the largest negative influence,with a contribution degree of-0.718.By contrast,three-dimensional spatial indicators such as BH,P,and SVF have a relatively minor impact,with an index weight ratio of 9.39%.The results of the study can provide an important scientific basis for optimizing the urban morphology to improve the local thermal environment and mitigate its negative effects.关键词
地表热环境/形态要素/主成分分析/贡献度评估/时空变化Key words
Surface Thermal Environment/Morphological Factors/Principal Component Analysis/Contribution Assessment/Spatial-Temporal Evolution分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
高月静,赵敬源..基于多源数据的街区形态要素对地表热环境的影响测度与贡献评估[J].西部人居环境学刊,2023,38(6):30-37,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52278087) （52278087）
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2023-JC-QN-0468) （2023-JC-QN-0468）
陕西省社会科学基金项目(2023J012) （2023J012）
陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题研究(2022HZ1202) （2022HZ1202）
陕西省教育厅一般专项科研计划项目(22JK0118) （22JK0118）
