西部人居环境学刊2023，Vol.38Issue(6)：38-45,8.DOI:10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230606
基于卫星遥感的城市热岛效应体检评估
Examination and Evaluation of Urban Heat Island Effect Based on Satellite Remote Sensing:Taking Wuhan as an Example
摘要
Abstract
The urbanization process changes the properties of the underlying surface of built-up areas.High-density construction and population agglomeration further hinders urban ventilation and increases artificial heat release,resulting in the Urban Heat Island(UHI)effect with the temperature in cities being significantly higher than that in suburbs.In the context of global climate change,UHI,combined with extreme heat wave,poses great threats to residents'health and energy load.How to mitigate UHI and reduce the related climate risk has become a critical challenge for high-quality urban development in the new era.Under the background of"examination once a year and evaluation once every five years",it is important to improve the ability of urban governance over urban heat problems by incorporating UHI into the city examination and evaluation system,and carrying out regular monitoring periodic evaluation of UHI intensity(UHII)and related climate risks in built-up areas.It can precisely identify areas with serious urban heat problems and high risk of heat exposure within built-up areas,capture the variation characteristics of these areas,systematically coordinate urban planning and management,and carry out spatial governance according to local conditions,so as to deeply integrate the needs and objectives of UHI mitigation into the territorial spatial planning system.However,due to the complex interactions between urbanization and multi-scale climate change,urban climate change is highly dynamic and uncertain in time.As a result,UHIIs calculated for different years are not directly comparable,which seriously affects the quality of relevant planning decisions.Besides,the selection of rural reference for UHII calculation will further affect the accuracy of time series evaluation.It is urgent to optimize the process and method of data screening and processing related to UHII calculation,control the interference of external factors such as climate variations and land use and land cover changes in rural areas to the greatest extent,strengthen the comparability of data among different years,and improve the accuracy of UHII variation assessment.In response to the challenges brought by the complex temporal and spatial changes of UHII to accurate analysis,this study put forward a framework of examining and evaluating UHII variations covering steps of"Interference controlling-Change diagnosis-Risk assessment-Planning response".It evaluated the intensity and time series changes of internal heat island within Wuhan built-up areas from 2016 to 2020 using satellite remote sensing data.The results show that,firstly,UHII in Wuhan city presents a"U-shaped"stratification structure of"inner and outer double height,local agglomeration and middle collapse".From 2016 to 2020,both the area and intensity of heat island showed an increasing trend,and the increasing amplitude gradually increased from the center to the outside.Secondly,UHII in industrial areas and old urban areas is the most serious with a worsening trend,especially in industrial parks with large building volumes and high-density old urban areas.Thirdly,the risk of heat exposure is also high in the old urban areas,especially in the Hankou Old concession area and Simen area,where the risk of heat exposure is high with rising trends,posing a great threat to the daily life and health of local residents.Based on the examination and evaluation results of UHI and the existing research on the mechanism of thermal environment impact,the study puts forward the planning suggestions of multi-level coordinated planning suggestions from the aspects of master planning,regulatory planning and planning management for UHI mitigation in Wuhan City.At the master planning level,it is suggested to adhere to the multi-center urban development mode,optimize the urban spatial pattern,strengthen the conservation of ecological green wedges such as Houguan Lake and Qingling Lake,and optimize the construction of corresponding ventilation corridors.At the regulatory planning level,strengthen green construction,promote industrial transformation and upgrading and the gradual renewal of old residential areas.As for areas with limited space for urban form transformation such as industrial parks and urban core functional areas,it is recommended to increase roof greening and use high albedo paving materials to cool the areas down.At the planning management level,establish the high temperature monitoring and early warning mechanism,make emergency plans when extreme heat waves come,and strengthen the heat help for people,especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and children in high-risk areas such as the old concession and the department gate.This study strived to improve the scientific evaluation of urban heat island effect,which has theoretical and practical significance for promoting the precise governance of urban heat problems and building a high-quality livable city.关键词
热岛效应/体检评估/时空演变/卫星遥感/空间治理Key words
Heat Island Effect/Examination and Evaluation/Spatial and Temporal Variation/Satellite Remote Sensing/Spatial Governance分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
刘慧民,马筝悦,李淼,何宝杰..基于卫星遥感的城市热岛效应体检评估[J].西部人居环境学刊,2023,38(6):38-45,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年项目(52308079) （52308079）
湖北省自然科学基金青年项目(2023AFB080) （2023AFB080）
