抗癫痫药物致住院患者药疹的临床表现及防治策略OACSTPCD

Objective To preliminarily evaluate the safety of antiepileptic drugs,and to investigate the prevention and treatment strategies for drug eruptions caused by antiepileptic drugs.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 15 inpatients diagnosed with drug eruptions caused by antiepileptic drugs during dermatology consultations in the neurology or pediatrics departments of the hospital from January 2016 to December 2022.The common types of antiepileptic drugs that caused drug eruptions,types of drug eruptions,systemic involvement of drug eruptions,selection of treatment methods of drug eruptions,and prognosis of drug eruptions were summarized.Results Among the antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of 15 inpatients,oxcarbazepine was the most common drug causing drug eruptions(6/15).Among the drug eruption subtypes,maculopapular eruption was the most common(13/15),and two cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome(SJS)were caused by oxcarbazepine and phenobarbital,respectively.In addition to drug eruptions,patients often had liver dysfunction(8/15),fever(7/15),and elevated peripheral blood eosinophils(6/15).After symptomatic treatment such as discontinuation/replacement of sensitizing antiepileptic drugs and anti-allergy treatment,the drug eruptions completely subsided in all inpatients and the systemic damage returned to normal.Conclusion A variety of antiepileptic drugs can cause drug eruptions.Maculopapular eruptions are the most common type of eruptions caused by antiepileptic drugs,but clinicians should be alert to the presence of the SJS type and drug-induced liver damage.Timely discontinuation of sensitizing drugs,replacement of the type of antiepileptic drugs,and symptomatic treatment with glucocorticoids and/or antihistamines are effective in the treatment of drug eruptions caused by antiepileptic drugs.