工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程2023，Vol.15Issue(6)：510-523,14.DOI:10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23010126
在体系再造中实现科技自立自强:理论、政策与战略
Realizing Self-reliance and Self-strengthening in Science and Technology through System Transformation:Theory,Policy,and Strategy
摘要
Abstract
It's crucial for China to realize self-reliance in science and technology when there are dramatic changes in international economic relations.In fact,the goal of realizing self-reliance in science and technology has been reflected in more and more government policies since the US began to dramatically Change its policies toward China in 2018.However,there exists huge challenges in implementing these polices and realizing this goal of self-reliance.For example,it's not clear why the results of indigenous innovation are not as high as expected,although China decided to promote indigenous innovation and make China an innovation-based country in 2006.Similarly,it's becoming more and more important to understand the true role of the policy of opening China's market to foreign firms in the process of technological and economic catching up,given the fact that Japan highly protected its domestic market but achieved outstanding catching up performance.Based on reviewing the extant literature,especially the studies on the relationship among science,technology,and innovation,the studies on the sources of competitive advantage of firms and nations,the studies on the relationships between the market and the government,this paper argues that the strategy of joining innovation systems and economic systems dominated by the US has been out of dated and the new strategy to deal with challenges caused by dramatic changes in the international environment might be the development of China's own innovation system and economic system,dramatically reducing local firms'reliance on foreign technologies and products.To implement this new strategy,huge changes are necessary in government policies,firm strategies,and university and research institutes choices.For the government,in addition to effectively protecting local firms'interests when they are facing technology and market blockade,it's necessary to take actions such as initiating large scale programs to support indigenous technological innovation and increasing the scale and scope of sponsoring R&D at various organizations through various government channels.Because of the huge domestic market,the government has strong leverage if the huge local market is effectively used as strategic resources.For universities,a lot of big changes are also necessary,including the creation of new organizations focusing on technological development rather than writing papers based on basic research.Changing the policies of educating students at various levels,especially at the Ph.D.level,is also important.In this regard,the impact of the choices of university leadership(short term oriented or long term oriented)is obvious.For firms,it's also necessary to make fundamental changes.For example,different from relying mainly on transferring external technology,it's becoming more and more important to significantly improve the capability of internal technology development and reduce technology reliance on foreign firms.For industry leaders,it's not enough to improve internal innovation capabilities.It is also important to help other local firms in the innovation system to improve their technological capabilities and management capabilities,which in many cases means the using of less advanced and reliable technologies and products from local firms,a seemingly irrational choice.关键词
科技自立自强/创新体系重塑/理论/政府政策/企业战略Key words
self-reliance in science and technology/restructuring the innovation system/theories/government policy/firm strategy分类
自科综合引用本文复制引用
高旭东..在体系再造中实现科技自立自强:理论、政策与战略[J].工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程,2023,15(6):510-523,14.基金项目
教育部人文社科基地重大项目"面向高水平科技自立自强的科技创新战略"(22JJD630009) （22JJD630009）
