南都学坛2024，Vol.44Issue(1)：48-55,8.
士人治生与《儒林外史》创作的思想表达
On the Livelihoods of Confucian Scholars and the Thematic Expression in The Scholars(儒林外史)
摘要
Abstract
The livelihoods of Confucian scholars were an important theme running through the creation of The Scholars(儒林外史),also known as Unofficial History of the Scholars,written by Wu Jingzi and published in 1750 during the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911).According to traditional Chinese classification of occupations,ancient Chinese people were put into four catego-ries,namely,the shi(Confucian scholars),the nong(peasant farmers),the gong(artisans and craftsmen),and the shang(merchants and traders),each having distinct social division of labor and occupational attributes.However,the social responsi-bilities bestowed upon Confucian scholars and the institutional arrangement for them to'seek officialdom for a living'were more of a kind of'policy expediency'.The Scholars(儒林外史)is a satirical novel that vividly portrays the distorted concepts and pursuits of various Chinese Confucian scholars obsessed by the fame and glory of civil service.By recreating the farces of Confu-cian scholars,Wu Jingzi indirectly criticized the civil service examination and education system under the Qing Dynasty,revea-ling profound social realities and deep problems inhering in the institutional design and operation of the imperial examination sys-tem.That is,the imperial examination system not only failed to effectively solve the livelihood plight of Confucian scholars,but also debilitated their ability to seek livelihoods,thus making the livelihoods of Confucian scholars a prevalent social malaise which in turn had a negative impact on the capacity of state governance.Wu Jingzi's attention to the issue of Confucian scholars seeking livelihoods was not only due to his own life experience,but also closely related to the influence of the Yan-Li School of Philosophy(颜李学派),founded by Yan Yuan(颜元)and expanded by his disciple Li Gong(李塨)during the early Qing Dynasty(1644-1911).关键词
《儒林外史》/士人治生/颜李学派Key words
The Scholars(儒林外史)/the livelihoods of Confucian scholars/the Yan-Li School of Philosophy(颜李学派)分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
王春阳,王璇..士人治生与《儒林外史》创作的思想表达[J].南都学坛,2024,44(1):48-55,8.基金项目
河南省社会科学规划项目"国家治理视阈下清代颜李学派研究",项目编号:2022BLS008 （）
河南省高等学校哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目"清代颜李学派综合研究",项目编号:2023-JCZD-13. （）
