土壤学报2023，Vol.60Issue(5)：1480-1492,13.DOI:10.11766/trxb202202030044
基于输入-输出平衡的施磷方法可实现作物高产和磷肥高效——以新疆水肥一体化棉花体系为例
Input-Output Balance-Based P Fertilization Approach for Achieving Target Crop Yield and High P Use Efficiency:A Case Study of Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)with Mulched Fertigation
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Maintaining moderate soil phosphorus(P)supply intensity and determining the P application rate based on the P requirement of the crop target yield,and combining with acid,slow-release water-soluble P fertilizers and applied in the early stages of crop growth is a novel P management approach in cotton.Here we test the feasibility and effectiveness of this method and provide a basis for reducing the P fertilizer application amount and increasing its use efficiency.[Method]A two-year field experiment was employed using cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)in the moderate Olsen-P soil(23.6 mg·kg-1)in Shihezi,Xinjiang.Based on the P requirement of the target lint yield of 2.7 t·hm-2,52.4 kg·hm-2 was selected as the P application rate.Four treatments were set-up with three types P fertilizers:(1)no P fertilizer(CK);(2)monoammonium phosphate(MAP);(3)urea phosphate(UP);and(4)ammonium polyphosphate(APP).It was analyzed that the lint yield,P uptake and above-ground biomass of cotton in different treatments.The partial productivity of P fertilizer(PFP),agronomic efficiency(AEp),P utilization efficiency(PUE)and P recovery index(the ratio of shoot P uptake to the amount of P fertilizer application,PRI)were calculated.Through stratified sampling,soil Olsen-P and P fractions in different soil layers were tested.Those allowed us to clarify the relationships between the P spatial availability and cotton growth requirements with different P fertilizers.[Result]The significant results were:(1)The average lint yield of P applied treatments in two years was 2.73 t·hm-2,which was classified as the high yield level in northern Xinjiang.Compared with the CK treatment,the lint yield of MAP,UP,and APP treatments were increased by 21％,25％,and 11％,respectively.(2)The P surplus was 2.2-4.8 kg·hm-2 and the P use efficiency was 24％across P applied treatments.The P recovery index of MAP,UP,and APP treatments was 91.7％,95.6％,and 94.8％,respectively.(3)P fertilizer applied by drip irrigation in the cotton bud and boll stages can move to the 10-20 cm soil layer,which may maintain the soil P supply intensity during the cotton-growing period.Compared with the CK treatment,the mean Olsen-P in P applied treatments were increased by 94％-302％,104％-144％,and 42％-67％in the 0-5 cm,5-10 cm,and 10-20 cm soil layers,respectively.[Conclusion]In summary,our results indicate that maintaining soil available P near the agronomic thresholds and determining the P application rate according to the P requirement of the target yield,and combining with acid,slow-release P fertilizer and applied in the cotton bud and boll stages can improve lint yield and P use efficacy under balanced P input-output conditions.Furthermore,the P recovery index based on the balanced P input-output can better reflect the real P use efficiency.关键词
产量/聚磷酸铵/磷酸脲/磷肥利用率/棉花Key words
Yield/Ammonium polyphosphate/Urea phosphate/Phosphorus use efficiency/Cotton分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
彭懿,杨国江,国秀丽,王晓凤,EREL Ran,冯固..基于输入-输出平衡的施磷方法可实现作物高产和磷肥高效——以新疆水肥一体化棉花体系为例[J].土壤学报,2023,60(5):1480-1492,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(U1703232)资助 Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1703232) （U1703232）
