中国地质2023，Vol.50Issue(6)：1599-1620,22.DOI:10.12029/gc20231025002
全球锂矿床的分类、外生锂矿成矿作用与提取技术
Classification and mineralization of global lithium deposits and lithium extraction technologies for exogenetic lithium deposits
摘要
Abstract
This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering. [Objective]A reasonable classification of deposits holds great significance for identifying prospecting targets and deploying exploration.The world's keen demand for lithium resources has expedited the discovery of numerous novel lithium resources.[Methods]Given the presence of varied classification criteria for lithium resources presently,this study further ascertained and classified the lithium resources according to their occurrence modes.[Results]The global lithium deposits are divided into 10 types and 5 subtypes of lithium deposits(resources)based on endogenetic and exogenetic factors.[Conclusion]As indicated by surveys of Cenozoic exogenetic lithium deposits in China and abroad,the formation and distribution of the deposits are primarily determined by plate collision zones,their primary material sources are linked to the anatectic magmas in the deep oceanic crust,and they were formed primarily during the Miocene and Late Paleogene.The researchers ascertained that these deposits,especially those of the salt lake,geothermal,and volcanic deposit types are closely related to lithium tuff and geothermal water,which have magmatic exclusivity of acidic nature,and the salt lake deposit types tend to migrate and accumulate toward low-lying areas,and display supernormal enrichment.However,the material sources of lithium deposits(resources)of the Neopaleozoic clay subtype and the deep brine type are yet to be further identified.Given the various types and complex origins of lithium deposits(resources),which were formed due to the interactions of multiple spheres,it is recommended that the mineralization of exogenetic lithium deposits(resources)be investigated by integrating tectono-geochemistry,paleoatmospheric circulation,and salinology.So far,industrialized lithium extraction is primarily achieved in lithium deposits of the salt lake,clay,and hard rock types.The lithium extraction employs different processes,with lithium extraction from salt lake-type lithium deposits proving the most energy-saving and cost-effective.关键词
外生锂矿/内生锂矿/矿床类型/盐湖型/深部卤水型/地热型/火山沉积型/黏土型/表生超常富集/盐梯度太阳池/发明专利/矿产勘查工程分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
郑绵平,邢恩袁,张雪飞,黎明明,车东,卜令忠,韩佳欢,叶传永..全球锂矿床的分类、外生锂矿成矿作用与提取技术[J].中国地质,2023,50(6):1599-1620,22.基金项目
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目"西藏扎布耶锂盐湖矿集区成矿机制与规律"(91962219),西藏自治区科技重大专项课题"西藏高原条件下锂盐湖原卤提锂方法研究"(XZ202201ZD0004G01)及中国地质调查局项目(DD20230037)联合资助. Supported by the major research program of National Natural Science Foundation of China"Metallogenic Mechanisms and Regularity of the Lithium Ore Concentration Area in the Zabuye Salt Lake,Tibet"(No.91962219),major science and technology project of Tibet Autonomous Region"Research on extraction of lithium by raw brine from lithium salt lake in Tibet Plateau"(No.XZ202201ZD0004G01)and the project of China Geological Survey(No.DD20230037). （91962219）
