植物营养与肥料学报2023，Vol.29Issue(11)：2059-2070,12.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2023137
我国马铃薯施肥现状与减肥潜力
Current situation and reduction potential of potato fertilization in China
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]Reasonable fertilization is required for the high yield,quality and profit of potato production.We investigated the fertilization situation of the main potato production areas around China,and the localized potential of fertilizer reduction.[Methods]A total of 1807 potato fields in the main potato producing areas were surveyed during 2019-2021 in China.The questionnaire included potato yield,fertilizer sources and ratios of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizers,and the frequency of basal dressing and topdressing.The fertilizer nutrient reduction potential was evaluated using the fertilizer recommendation rate produced by Nutrient Expert(NE)system.[Results]On average across China,the annual total N,P2O5 and K2O input for potato was 252,219,and 224 kg/hm2,respectively.N 187 kg/hm2,P2O5164 kg/hm2 and K2O 175 kg/hm2 were from chemical fertilizer,and the left from organic fertilizer.The organic nutrients accounted for 25.8％,25.6％,and 21.4％of the total N,P2O5 and K2O inputs.Compound fertilizer was the main chemical fertilizer source in the surveyed potato fields,supplied 84.6％,95.7％and 92.8％of chemical N,P2O5 and K2O nutrients.And 82.9％of organic fertilizer was from livestock and poultry manure.Compared with the fertilizer rate recommended by NE system,the fertilizer nutrient reduction potential across China was about 47.0％,of which the N,P2O5,and K2O reduction potential in the monocropping area of North China were 17.8％,54.8％,and 55.2％;the P2O5 and K2O reduction potential in the monocropping area of Northeast China were 64.6％,and 46.9％,respectively;the N,P2O5,and K2O reduction potential in the monocropping area of Northwest China were 17.3％,47.7％,and 21.5％,respectively.The reduction potential of N,P2O5,and K2O were 7.4％,51.6％,and 18.3％in the mono/two cropping area of Southwest China,and 31.1％,69.7％,and 61.2％in winter season area of South China,respectively.[Conclusions]The nutrient inputs in potato is generally high and unreasonable in nutrient ratios,particularly the low proportion of organic fertilizer nutrients.The promotion of the Nutrient Expert recommendation will save 47.0％of current fertilizer nutrient input in China,the reduction rate of N,P2O5,and K2O nutrient is dependent on the cropping system,production areas,and fertilization method.关键词
马铃薯/施肥现状/化肥/有机肥/减施潜力Key words
potato/fertilization status/chemical fertilizer/organic fertilizer/reduction potential引用本文复制引用
王西亚,盛寅生,何萍,徐新朋,曲晓晶,周卫..我国马铃薯施肥现状与减肥潜力[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2023,29(11):2059-2070,12.基金项目
国家马铃薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-P31) （CARS-09-P31）
国家自然科学基金项目(32272822,31972515) （32272822,31972515）
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0010). （2021GG0010）
