福建农业学报2023，Vol.38Issue(11)：1344-1357,14.DOI:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.11.011
秸秆还田对南方稻田土壤N2O排放及硝化和反硝化微生物群落的影响
Effects of Straw-returning on N2O Emission and Nitrifying/Denitrifying Microbes in Paddy Soil in Southern China
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Effects of returning spent straws to soil after crop harvest as a conditioner/fertilizer on the N2O emission and nitrifying/denitrifying microbes on a double-cropping rice field in late season were studied.[Method]Based on a positioning experiment set up in 2015,the field soil was treated with(1)chemical fertilizer without straw-returning(CK),(2)chemical fertilizer + 100%straw-returning in same season(CKS),(3)CKS + straws to replace 10%potassium fertilizer(S10),(4)CKS + straws to replace 20%potassium fertilizer(S20)or(5)CKS + straws to replace 30%potassium fertilizer(S30).N2O emitted and microorganisms in the soils were detected using the closed static dark box-gas chromatography and metagenomic sequencing technique.[Result]N2O was released from the paddy soils basically during the rice tillering stage.Compared with CK,returning spent straws to the ground significantly reduced the cumulative gas emission from the soil under the S30 treatment,which rendered the lowest rate at 0.09 kg·hm-2,and thus,the least contribution to global warming.Of the nitrifying microflora in soil,the dominant genus of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(i.e.,amoA and amoB)at the tillering and mature stages was Methylospora.Among the denitrifying microbes,the nirK-type Gemmatimonadetes,Rhodobacter,and Opitutus and the nirS-type Methylobacillus and Methylotenera were dominantly present.At the rice tillering stage,the N2O emissions were significantly inversely correlated with Methylotenera but positively with Ramlibacter.At the mature stage,a significant correlation between the soil N2O emission and Aquabacterium population was observed.[Conclusion]By returning the spent straws to the field,a significant reduction on the N2O emissions from paddy soil was resulted.And Methylospora was the dominant genus involved in the ammonia oxidation,whereas the nirK-type Gemmatimonadetes,Rhodobacter and Opitutus and the nirS-type Methylobacillus and Methylotenera were the dominant genera of denitrifying bacteria.关键词
秸秆还田/稻田土壤/硝化和反硝化微生物/功能基因/N2O排放Key words
Straw-returning/paddy soil/nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms/functional genes/N2O emissions分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
韩兴华,解开治,张桥,李季,张嘉欣,黎婉玲,孙丽丽,顾文杰,卢钰升,徐培智..秸秆还田对南方稻田土壤N2O排放及硝化和反硝化微生物群落的影响[J].福建农业学报,2023,38(11):1344-1357,14.基金项目
广东省农业科学院低碳农业与碳中和研究中心项目(XT202220) （XT202220）
广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212050020) （2021B1212050020）
广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202121TD) （202121TD）
广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(2023KJ118) （2023KJ118）
广东省农业科学院中青年学科带头人培养计划(R2020PY-JG012) （R2020PY-JG012）
广东省农业科学院汕尾分院科技合作专项(2021-分院专项-02) （2021-分院专项-02）
茂名实验室科研启动项目(2021TDQD002) （2021TDQD002）
