花生学报2023，Vol.52Issue(4)：19-31,13.DOI:10.14001/j.issn.1002-4093.2023.04.003
氧化钙、哈茨木霉及三种杀菌剂对花生苗期根际土壤微生物的影响
The Effects of Calcium Oxide,Trichoderma harzianum and Three Chemical Fungicides on the Rhizosphere Soil Microorganisms in Peanut Seedling Stage
摘要
Abstract
To explore the effects of lime(calcium oxide),Trichoderma harzianum,and three different types of fungicides on the rhizosphere soil microbiota of peanuts,a field experiment was conducted using the local mainly cultivated peanut variety Xianghua2008.The 16S rRNA,ITS high-throughput sequencing tech-nology,and bioinformatics analysis methods were employed to analyze the differences in microbial diversity and community structure in the rhizosphere soil during seedling stage of peanut under the treatments of calci-um oxide basal application,the biological antagonist(Trichoderma harzianum)seed dressing,and three commonly used chemical fungicides(thiophanate-methyl,thifluzamide,fludioxonil).The findings indicated that the number of bacterial and fungal OTUs in the rhizosphere soil was significantly higher in the treatments with calcium oxide and Trichoderma harzianum inoculation compared to the three chemical fungicide treat-ments.The analysis of Shannon index and ACE index indicated that calcium oxide and Trichoderma harzia-num significantly increased bacterial diversity and microbial abundance,while the three chemical fungicides treatments decreased microbial diversity.Comparing the relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera under different treatments,the abundance of Cyanobacteria and Nitrospira bacteria decreased,while the abundance of Chloroflexi,Gemmatimonadetes,Myxococcota,Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonas increased significantly under the conditions of calcium oxide treatment.The abundance of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria de-creased,while the abundance of Rhizobiales increased under the treatment of Trichoderma harzianum.Under the treatments of three chemical fungicides,the abundance of Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes was significant-ly higher than that of other treatments.The relative abundance of fungal phyla and genera of superiority fungi was compared.Both calcium oxide and Trichoderma harzianum treatments decreased the abundance of Asco-mycota phylum.Among them,the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota,Kickxellomycota,Pyronernata-ceae,Helotiales and Corticiaceae were higher under the calcium oxide treatment compared to other treat-ments.All three chemical fungicide treatments increased the abundance of Ascomycota phylum.The LEfSe a-nalysis revealed that the community structure of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of peanut seedlings was significantly changed due to the application of calcium oxide and different fungicides.The fungal dominant taxa were more abundant under the calcium oxide treatment,while the bacterial dominant taxa were the most abundant under the Trichoderma harzianum treatment.Significant differences were observed in the bacterial communities,including the Chthonomonadetes and Chthonomonadales under the treatment of calcium oxide,and the bacterial communities included the Clostridiales,Desulfovibrionales,Lactobacillaceae and Bryobacter-aceae under the Trichoderma harzianum treatment.In terms of significantly different fungi,the Sordariaceae was found under the calcium oxide treatment.These microbial communities may contribute to the absorption and transformation of root nutrients,promoting plant growth and development.In conclusion,the appropriate use of calcium oxide and Trichoderma harzianum can enhance the diversity and abundance of root-associated microorganisms,maintaining a balanced rhizosphere microbiome.On the other hand,the three chemical fun-gicides decreased diversity and abundance,further confirming the detrimental effects of excessive use of mod-ern chemical pesticides on the soil microbiota and environment.关键词
花生/氧化钙/哈茨木霉/化学杀菌剂/根际土壤微生物Key words
peanut/calcium oxide/Trichoderina harzianum/chemical fungicide/rhizosphere soil microorganisms分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
唐康,任芳辉,刘武,曾宁波,罗梓楠,张昊,易图永,李林,刘登望..氧化钙、哈茨木霉及三种杀菌剂对花生苗期根际土壤微生物的影响[J].花生学报,2023,52(4):19-31,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000900) （2018YFD1000900）
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13) （CARS-13）
湖南省现代农业产业技术体系 （）
湖南省重点研发计划项目(2021NK2005) （2021NK2005）
