家畜生态学报2024，Vol.45Issue(2)：19-27,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2024.02.004
陕西地区某奶牛场TMR诊断和日常管理分析
TMR Diagnosis and Daily Management Analysis of a Dairy Farm in Shaanxi
摘要
Abstract
In order to investigate the application of TMR in dairy farms and the daily management of dairy cows,this experiment took the introduced Australian whole herd of lactating dairy cows from a dairy farm in Jingyang Shaanxi as the research object,and analyzed the nutritional components of total mixed ra-tion(TMR),particle distribution,fecal score,body condition score,milking performance of dairy cows and breeding benefits of farms.Problems in production practice were found and corresponding measures were proposed.The results showed that the TMR water content of the high-and middle-yield group met the recommended standard,the TMR water content of the low-yield group was 1.58％higher than the rec-ommended value,the phosphorus content of the high-yield group was significantly higher than that of the middle-and low-yield group(P＜0.05),the NDF content of diet for the high-and middle-yield group was significantly lower than the low-yielding group(P＜0.05),and the crude protein content was significantly higher than that of the low-yielding group(P＜0.05).Compared with the NRC(2001)recommended standard,the crude protein and calcium content in TMR was higher than the recommended value.The phosphorus content is less than the recommended value.The proportion of the first layer(＞19.00 mm)of TMR particles in the three groups is higher than the recommended value,the proportion of the second lay-er(8.00 mm～19.00 mm),the third layer(1.18 mm～8.00 mm)and the fourth layer(＜1.18 mm)for high-yield groups met the recommended value,and that of the low-yield group was lower or higher than the recommended standard.The feeder scores of dairy farms were all lower than the recommended stand-ard score(3 points);with the decrease of lactation level,the fecal score increased significantly(P＜0.05),the lying rate was higher than 80％,and the score for body condition was higher than the recommended standard.The overall herd was fat.The lactation efficiency,milk production and milk fat rate of dairy cows increased significantly with the increase of lactation level(P＜0.05).The protein content and milk fat-to-milk protein ratio(fat-protein ratio)of high-yield group was significantly lower than that of low-yield group,and the lactose content was significantly higher than the low-yield group(P＜0.05).The number of somatic cells in the milk was less than 200,000/mL for the three groups.Lactation revenue was greatly affected by the raw milk procurement standards.Different procurement standards have great differ-ences in the returns of the high-yield and low-yield groups,the benefit of the high yield group was much greater than that of the low yield group.In summary,the dairy farm's TMR nutritional components are not balanced,some of the nutritional components exceed or fall below the recommended standards,and the daily management level is low,resulting in the dietary nutrition unable to meet the growth needs of dairy cows,the feed waste,and low performance of dairy cows,and consequently low economic benefits.关键词
奶牛场/泌乳奶牛/TMR/生产性能Key words
dairy farm/lactating cows/TMR/production performance分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张帆,张俊,杨婷,王弘浩,姚军虎,曹阳春..陕西地区某奶牛场TMR诊断和日常管理分析[J].家畜生态学报,2024,45(2):19-27,9.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2021YED130031) （2021YED130031）
陕西省重点研发计划(2021NY-019) （2021NY-019）
榆林市科技计划项目(CXY-2020-075) （CXY-2020-075）
