基于无人机摄影测量的建筑表皮光伏设计与效益评估OACHSSCDCSTPCD

To attain the goal of carbon neutrality,it has become important to improve utilization of renewable energy in buildings.With the rapid development of photovoltaic(PV)technology,more types of PV modules are allowed to be integrated with building facades.However,there are obstacles intefering with integration of PV technologies.One major issue is the lack of PV design methods on architectural surfaces,which creates further problems with technological economic performance,environmental morphology,and energy. Research on unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)photogrammetry in the field of PV design and evaluation was reviewed.Most studies adopt orthophoto imaging of large-scale roofs and roughly estimate PV potential of cities and regions using the coefficient method.However,there are few studies based on real mapping on the architectural scale.Existing research on assessment of PV technology and aesthetic expression are mainly based on two-dimensional images or building block models which are built manually.This differs significantly from practical architectural surface conditions,thus resulting in insufficient reliability and inaccuracy of analysis results. Therefore,a strategy for architectural surface PV design and benefit evaluation by focusing on architectural modeling,energy simulation,and aesthetic analysis was proposed.Firstly,requirements of PV design of target buildings on a three-dimensional reality model were determined and a multi-route UAV photogrammetry plan made to acquire visible images with high heading overlap.Images were input into Context Capture to calculate the spatial triangular projection and generate the model.To address model adhesion,broken holes,and insufficient smoothness at glass surfaces due to light reflection and transmission,model correction and secondary projection was performed using DPModeler to reduce model textures and shapes.The program was compiled using the parameterized tool Rhino Grasshopper,the solar radiation acceptance ability on architectural surface was simulated,and available PV area was screened.Meanwhile,the energy production data of PV system was output. Secondly,design terms of plane,color and three-dimensional principles were proposed based on the environmental aesthetics theory according to aesthetic factors and key evaluation standards of urban building-integrated PV.Beautiful roof and façade photovoltaic solution were designed using various PV components. The PV design and benefit evaluation were carried out based on an educational building in Tianjin.UAV photogrammetry of the target building was performed.It found that the modeling integrity was the highest by combining orthophoto mapping with single-45° route and 2 lateral 0° horizontal routes around the buildings to assure that the heading overlap was≥80%.After repair with DP Modeler,the architectural surface was smooth and the texture mapping was consistent with practical scenes.The 3D model of the real building was input into Rhino software to simulate solar radiation,thus establishing PV available areas of roof,walls,and windows.After simulation,the installation modes of PV components on roof and façade were determined.According to the aesthetic analysis and design method,PV components with harmonious appearance were deployed and the design scheme was generated.According to calculation,the total annual PV power generation potential of the building was 306.82MWh,in which the roof accounted for 62%,walls accounted for 34%,and windows accounted for 4%.This approach can decrease CO2 emission by 305.1 tons every year. Finally,the proposed UAV photogrammetric modeling and evaluation method was compared with manual modeling,and its advantages were proven by the degree of model reduction and efficiency.Results show that the proposed architectural surface PV design and benefit evaluation method based on UAV photogrammetry can balance technology and aesthetics,and can provide a reference for architects,urban planners,and other involved parties.