中国生态农业学报（中英文）2024，Vol.32Issue(1)：95-105,11.DOI:10.12357/cjea.20230401
沼液配施化肥对大葱产量和土壤养分、微生物及酶活性的影响
Effects of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer on Allium fistulosum yields,soil nutrients,microorganisms,and enzymes activities
摘要
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the optimal ratio of biogas slurry to chemical fertilizer and the effects of biogas slurry com-bined with chemical fertilizer on Allium fistulosum yields,soil nutrients levels,microorganism contents,and enzyme activities.The field experiment comprised six treatments:no fertilization(CK),chemical fertilizer(CF),25％substitution inorganic N by biogas slurry N(25BS),50％substitution inorganic N by biogas slurry N(50BS),75％substitution inorganic N by biogas slurry N(75BS),and 100％substitution inorganic N by biogas slurry N(100BS).A.fistulosum yields,soil nutrients contents,phospholipid fatty acids(PLFA)contents,and activities of enzymes involved in C,N,and P cycling were investigated.Using the partial least squares path model(PLS-PM),the variations in these parameters to elucidate their internal correlations were explored.The results indicated that CF and biogas slurry(25BS,50BS,75BS,and 100BS)treatments significantly increased A.fistulosum yield compared to CK(P＜0.05),with increases of 37.2％,75.9％,118.9％,99.8％,and 59.3％,respectively.Furthermore,as the substitution percentage of in-organic N by biogas slurry N increased,the yields showed a tendency of increasing initially and then decreasing,with the highest yield of 59.9 t·hm-2 observed for the 50BS treatment.The application of biogas slurry was effective in improving soil nutrients con-tents.Compared to CK,the biogas slurry significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),am-moniacal nitrogen(NH4+),nitrate nitrogen(NO3-),available phosphorus(AP),and available potassium by 19.5％-65.8％,40.5％-69.6％,26.8％-77.4％,30.1％41.9％,10.5％40.6％,and 5.4％-8.5％,respectively.The application of biogas slurry resulted in a not-able enhancement in soil microbial contents and enzymes activities.Compared to CK,the biogas slurry significantly increased the PLFA contents of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes(P＜0.05),while concurrently reducing the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negat-ive bacteria.This shift is advantageous for improving the activities of enzymes involved in C,N,and P cycling.However,with an in-creasing ratio of inorganic N substitution by biogas slurry,the number of bacteria,gram-positive bacteria,fungi,total PLFA content,and enzymes activities involved in C,N,and P cycling exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease.The results of PLS-PM indicated that the observed increase in A.fistulosum yields after biogas slurry application could be attributed to the improve-ments in SOC,TN,NH4+,NO3-and AP contents,microbial contents,and the enhanced activities of enzymes involved in N cycling.Nevertheless,the excessive application of biogas slurry led to elevated soil electrical conductivity(EC),which inhibited microbial activities and ultimately reduced A.fistulosum yields.In conclusion,this study illustrated that the temporary utilization of biogas slurry contributed to the enhancement of A.fistulosum yields,effective improvement of soil nutrient levels,and promotion of soil mi-crobial contents and enzymes activities.Notably,the optimal substitution percentage of inorganic N by biogas slurry was 50％to achieve the highest improvement.However,biogas slurry cannot completely substitute chemical fertilizers because its excessive use may lead to an increase in soil salinity,adversely affecting the growth of A.fistulosum and microorganisms.关键词
沼液/土壤肥力/土壤微生物/土壤酶活性/大葱Key words
Biogas slurry/Soil fertility/Soil microorganism/Soil enzyme activity/Allium fistulosum分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
温云杰,张纪涛,李琳,王琦,刁风伟,高敏,王秀红,史向远..沼液配施化肥对大葱产量和土壤养分、微生物及酶活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报（中英文）,2024,32(1):95-105,11.基金项目
山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室项目(202001-2)、山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601012)、山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021212413)和山西农业大学(山西农业科学院)农业科研创新工程(YGC2019TD07)资助 The study was supported by the State Key Laboratory of Organic Dryland Agriculture(Co-construction by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Shanxi Province)of Shanxi Agricultural University(202001-2),the Key R&D Program of Shanxi Province(202102140601012),the Foundation Research Project of Shanxi Province(202203021212413),and the Agricultural Scientific Research and Innovation Project of Shanxi Agricultural Uni-versity(Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences)(YGC2019TD07). （202001-2）
