植物营养与肥料学报2023，Vol.29Issue(12)：2272-2281,10.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2023245
基于产量反应和农学效率的马铃薯智能化推荐施肥
Intelligent fertilizer recommendation method for potato based on yield response and agronomic efficiency
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]Imbalanced and over fertilization is common in potato growing areas in China,resulting in low nutrient use efficiency and serious nutrient losses.A simple and easy-to-use fertilizer recommendation method,Nutrient Expert for Potato,was established based on large number of field experiments,and validated in multi-point trials in the main potato producing areas.[Methods]A total of 239 field experiments were conducted in the main potato producing areas of nine provinces from 2017 to 2020 to calibrate and improve the Nutrient Expert system.Each experiment included six treatments:fertilizer recommendation based on Nutrient Expert(NE),farmers'practices(FP),conventional recommendation based on soil testing(ST),and N omission,P omission and K omission based on the NE treatment.The potato yield,economic benefit,nutrient use efficiency and apparent nutrient balance were investigated.[Results]The average yield responses of N,P and K fertilizer application in the main potato producing areas of China were 8.1,4.8 and 5.2 t/hm2,with average agronomic efficiency of 45.2,51.1 and 35.1 kg/kg,and average relative yield of 0.73,0.83 and 0.82,respectively.Compared with the FP and ST treatments,the NE treatment reduced N fertilizer input by 24.4%and 4.2%,and P fertilizer input by 32.3%and 1.9%,but increased K fertilizer input by 4.9%;increased the potato yield by 2.63 and 0.62 t/hm2,and net profits by 4283.4 and 799.0 yuan/hm2.Compared with the FP and ST treatments,NE treatment increased the recovery efficiency of N,P and K fertilizer by 11.5 and 1.6 percentage points,5.0 and 2.1 percentage points,and 9.1 and 1.1 percentage points,respectively;increased the agronomic efficiency of N,P and K fertilizer by 18.4 and 4.3 kg/kg,32.2 and 7.5 kg/kg,12.3 and 2.6 kg/kg,respectively;enhanced the partial factor productivity of N and P fertilizer by 37.3 and 8.6 kg/kg,91.2 and 15.6 kg/kg,respectively.The partial factor productivity of K fertilizer in NE treatment was comparable to that in ST treatment,and 25.6 kg/kg higher than that in FP treatment.NE treatment resulted a 50.5%and 15.5%reduction in the apparent N surplus,and 49.6%and 7.3%reduction in the apparent P surplus,compared with the FP and ST treatments.[Conclusions]After calibration by the data from large number of field experiments,which are based on the yield and agronomic efficiency responses,Nutrient Expert for Potato have been approved efficient in further optimizing fertilizer amount,improving potato yield and fertilizer use efficiency,and reducing N and P surplus,so can be used as a feasible fertilizer recommendation method for small farmers in China.关键词
马铃薯/养分专家系统/产量反应/肥料利用率/推荐施肥Key words
potato/Nutrient Expert system/yield response/fertilizer use efficiency/fertilizer recommendation引用本文复制引用
宁琳懿睿,仇少君,徐新朋,丁文成,赵士诚,何萍,周卫..基于产量反应和农学效率的马铃薯智能化推荐施肥[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2023,29(12):2272-2281,10.基金项目
农田智慧施肥项目(05) （05）
国家自然科学基金项目(31972515,32272822) （31972515,32272822）
国家马铃薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-P31) （CARS-09-P31）
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200101) （2016YFD0200101）
中国农业科学院科技创新工程. （）
