环境与职业医学2024，Vol.41Issue(1)：77-82,6.DOI:10.11836/JEOM23206
某大型机械维修企业职业性噪声暴露工人听力损失特征及相关因素分析
Characteristics and influencing factors of hearing loss among noise-exposed workers in a large machinery maintenance enterprise
摘要
Abstract
[Background]The current increasing trend of new cases of occupational noise-induced deafness indicates that the hearing loss of occupational population has not been effectively controlled in China.It is of great significance to study the characteristics of hearing loss among noise-exposed workers and its related factors. [Objective]To investigate characteristics and influencing factors of hearing loss among occupa-tional noise-exposed workers in a large machinery maintenance enterprise,and to provide a sci-entific basis to prevent and control noise-induced hearing loss. [Methods]A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate male Han occupational noise-exposed workers in a large mechanical maintenance enterprise.We acquired demographic char-acteristics,occupational exposure history,and individual life behavior characteristics of the workers through questionnaires,collected occupational exposure level data from annual occupational disease hazard factor surveillance reports,obtained pure tone hearing threshold test data through occupational health examinations,and estimated individual noise exposure levels using cumulative noise exposure(CNE).According to the results of pure tone air conduction hearing threshold test,the workers were divided into a hearing loss group and a normal hearing group.The chi-square test was employed to compare the occupational exposure characteristics and individual life behavior characteristics between the two groups.Additionally,the trend chi-square test was utilized to analyze the changing trends of age,length of service,CNE,and hearing loss rate within the two groups.The relationship between high-frequency hearing loss in both ears and its related influencing factors was assessed by a multiple logistic regression model. [Results]The M(P25,P75)of CNE for the 2531 occupational noise-exposed workers was 97.51(95.39,99.96)dB(A)·year.The incidence of hearing anomaly,binaural high-frequency hearing anomaly,random ear high-frequency hearing anomaly,binaural low-frequency hearing anomaly,and random ear low-frequency hearing anomaly were 22.48%,16.59%,22.13%,2.77%,and 3.52%,respectively.High-frequency hearing threshold increase was the main reason for hearing anomaly(98.42%).In comparison to the CNE≤97 dB(A)·year group,the 97 dB(A)·year<CNE≤100 dB(A)·year group and the CNE>100 dB(A)·year group experienced a 36.4%and 52.3%increase in the risk of bi-lateral high-frequency hearing loss,respectively.The smoking group exhibited a 43.5%elevated risk of bilateral high-frequency hearing loss when compared to the non-smoking group.Conversely,the group frequently wearing hearing protection equipment demonstrated a 23.6%lower risk of bilateral high-frequency hearing loss in comparison to the group occasionally wearing protective equipment.The data suggested that CNE>97 dB(A)·year and smoking might be independent risk factors for bilateral high-frequency hearing loss,and frequently wearing hearing protection equipment might be an important protective factor. [Conclusion]Increased CNE and smoking can elevate the risk of high-frequency hearing loss,while personal hearing protection can effec-tively reduce the risk of hearing loss.关键词
噪声/听力损失/累积噪声暴露量/影响因素Key words
noise/hearing loss/cumulative noise exposure/influencing factor分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
冀芳,张建,丁晓文,崔向兰,荣利,王学峰,李珏..某大型机械维修企业职业性噪声暴露工人听力损失特征及相关因素分析[J].环境与职业医学,2024,41(1):77-82,6.基金项目
北京市自然科学基金项目(7222252) This study was funded. （7222252）
