山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）2024，Vol.44Issue(1)：130-140,11.DOI:10.13842/j.cnki.issn1671-8151.202306036
分拣式马铃薯联合收获机设计与试验
Design and experimentation of sorting-type potato combined harvester
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Potatoes are the fourth largest grain crop in China,with the planting area and yield ranking first globally.In China,potatoes are primarily consumed fresh,and there is a high demand for improved storage and preservation periods to enhance the quality of potato harvest.Traditional potato combine harvester operations easily lead to damage to the potato skin and tubers,affecting the later storage and sales of potatoes.Moreover,the labor-intensive manual picking of segmented har-vesting increases the planting cost.Therefore,there is an urgent demand for a low-loss combined harvester for fresh potatoes.[Methods]To meet the efficient and low-loss combined harvesting demand for fresh potatoes,considering the agronomy of fresh potato cultivation,the mechanical harvesting damage mechanism of potatoes was analyzed.The overall design scheme of the combined harvesting machine for fresh potatoes,along with the structural forms and parameters of key components,was de-termined.A sorting-type combined harvesting machine for potatoes was developed,which integrated low-resistance digging,flexible conveying,soil-potato separation,manual picking,and box or bag packaging operations.The machine adopted the op-eration mode of low-speed slow vibration auxiliary separation,soil removal,and impurity removal combined with manual sort-ing.A ton package collection platform was designed at the tail,which shortened the separation and transportation distance,re-ducing the collision and drop times of potato pieces,significantly reducing the harvest damage and impurity rate,and improving manual sorting efficiency and operation efficiency.[Results]Field experiments demonstrated 2.84% of loss rate of the sorting type potato combine harvester,1.31% of the potato damage rate,2.19% of the impurity content rate,2.1% of the skin break-ing rate,and 0.13 hm2/h of the harvesting efficiency.All performance indicators met the agricultural industry standards for po-tato combined harvesting machines.[Conclusion]The sorting type potato combine harvester has a low rate of peeling and dam-age during harvesting,making it suitable for the combined harvesting of fresh potatoes and has broad prospects for promotion and application.关键词
鲜食马铃薯/联合收获机/人工分拣/田间试验Key words
Fresh potatoes/Combine harvester/Manual sorting/Field experiment分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
姜伟,张华,崔中凯,邸志峰..分拣式马铃薯联合收获机设计与试验[J].山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）,2024,44(1):130-140,11.基金项目
山东省薯类产业技术体系农业机械试验站(SDAIT-16-13) （SDAIT-16-13）
国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000802-2) （2020YFD1000802-2）
