代际支持背景下老年人社区服务设施需求特征研究OA北大核心CHSSCDCSTPCD

Considering the impacts and challenges of aging population against China's overall social structure,there are significant differences in aging problems among different regions and cities.The issue of migrant elders has become one of the most important aging problems in Shenzhen.According to the Seventh Population Census,more than 60%of the elderly aged over 60 in Shenzhen are non-registered residents.The demand of a large older population for a supportive living environment in places other than their residence has brought new challenges to urban construction.Community service facilities are the main carrier of daily life for the elderly.Whether the configuration of community services and supporting facilities meets the needs of the elderly is the determinant of the quality of their daily life and is particularly important for public housing residents.With considerations to the public housing construction status in Shenzhen and the intergenerational support of elderly residents to their children,this study investigated and analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of the demand and use of community service facilities for elderly residents living in public housing.The research results can provide useful references for optimizing the aging suitability of community service facilities. The elderly demand for facilities was investigated through questionnaire surveys from three dimensions:importance,frequency of use,and accessibility needs.The activity log was used to investigate and analyze the temporal patterns and behavioral chain characteristics of the elderly in daily use of community service facilities.The usage scenarios of"time-behavior-facility"for the elderly on weekdays were discussed by non-participatory environmental behavior observation.The needs and spatial usage characteristics of the elderly who provide intergenerational support for community service facilities were analyzed from multiple dimensions.Thirty-eight large and medium-sized public rental residential areas with over 1,500 residential units which were built and occupied in Shenzhen from 2012 to 2021,were identified.Among them,six were selected as typical cases for research and analysis based on differences in project location,construction scale and facility completeness. Some major conclusions could be drawn as follows.① The elderly population had a high homogeneity,dominated by migrant elderly of non-registered residents.② The demand characteristics of the elderly for community service facilities included community activity venues and centers as well as agricultural and vegetable markets and chain supermarkets.Education facilities were found to be the vital for the elderly.The demands for social health centers were higher than those of comprehensive hospitals,while the demands for elderly care facilities were relatively low.③ The elderly showed obvious time patterns and combined usage patterns of various community service facilities during weekdays.④ There's a high proportion of old-young collaborative behaviors in using community service facilities and their affiliated public spaces. The service facility types and quantities for public housing communities in Shenzhen have met the construction standards,but the overall satisfaction of elderly residents with community service facilities is between Satisfaction and Moderate.Considering survey results,optimization of aging suitability was proposed.① Classified optimization of configuration,space and management services of community service facilities was proposed.For cultural and entertainment facilities,the overall optimization of various public spaces should be strengthened and community activity centers should be configured.For commercial facilities,the construction of commercial facilities with the closest relation to the purchase of daily foods and daily necessities should be strengthened.② Based on the mixed facility for the elderly,it is suggested to set commercial facilities(e.g.agricultural markets and supermarkets)together with kindergartens,primary schools and community activity centers.③ The setting of community service facilities should be flexible to some extent and can dynamically adapt to the change of times.It is necessary to comprehend characteristics of the aging population in Shenzhen's public housing as well as the needs and behavioral patterns of residents to optimize elder-oriented supply and spatial distribution of community service facilities,thus helping the elder to access more community environmental support and connections and improve their sense of belonging and life satisfaction.