355份粳稻种质资源在新疆的遗传多样性分析及综合评价OA北大核心CSTPCD

To address the single genetic background and scarce breeding resources of rice in Xinjiang,rice germplasm resources from different ecological regions were introduced.The genetic diversity of their phenotypic traits was studied and excellent rice germplasm was screened.A total of 355 rice plants for 17 qualitative and 20 quantitative traits were investigated.The results showed that:The rice germplasm displayed a rich variety of variation in qualitative traits including panicle exsertion,second branch,shape of panicle,leaf blade pubescence and tillering ability.The 20 quantitative traits ranged from 3.906％to 57.519％variation,with genetic diversity indices ranging from 1.713 to 2.067.Through cluster analysis,the 355 rice germplasm resources were divided into four major Groups.Group Ⅰ belonged to 97 specific germplasm with extreme grain type,group Ⅱ belonged to 81 potential yield increasing germplasm,group Ⅲbelonged to 94 late maturing extreme germplasm,and group Ⅳ belonged to 83 high-yielding and high-quality germplasm with excellent high yield grain type.Principal component analysis converted the 20 quantitative traits into five composite factors with a cumulative contribution of 74.989％,with the components contributing 17.472％(PC1),17.071％(PC2),15.738％(PC3),15.237％(PC4)and 9.429％(PC5),respectively;The comprehensive score of rice germplasm resources ranged from 0.4168 to 1.2408,and the top 10 germplasm resources based on the comprehensive score were'21Y137''21Y271''21Y162''21Y280''21Y276''21Y87''21Y132''21Y254''21Y294''21Y318',which are all high-yielding grain type and excellent group Ⅳ germplasm.In conclusion,the top 10 germplasm resources can be used as the high-yielding and high-quality rice parent selections for the future in Xinjiang.