磷肥施用方式对黄淮地区夏玉米土壤磷素有效性及产量的影响OA北大核心CSTPCD
Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Method on Soil Phosphorus Availability and Yield of Summer Maize in Huang-Huai Area
为探究黄淮地区适宜的磷肥施用方式,通过开展大田试验对4种磷肥施用方式(常规撒施(P1)、分层施(P2)、条施(P3)、穴施(P4))下玉米不同生育时期干物质积累量、根系形态指标、不同土层土壤速效磷含量及磷酸酶活性、玉米产量及其构成因素进行测定分析.结果表明,不同施磷方式下,P2、P4处理的穗长和行粒数较P1处理显著提高22.57％,16.81％和 15.19％,7.60％,P2、P3、P4 处理穗粒数较 P1 处理分别显著提高 25.26％,13.86％,17.00％,但 P2 处理单位面积穗数较P1处理显著降低15.30％,最终P2、P4处理产量较P1分别显著提高15.20％,10.79％.根系性状中,施磷方式显著影响了根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数,其中P2和P4处理的根长较P1处理显著提高30.41％,33.75％;P2处理根表面积相较于P1处理显著提高23.77％,P4处理根表面积相较于P1和P3处理显著提高29.60％,21.70％;P2和P4处理下的根体积和根尖数较P1和P3处理均显著提高.对土壤速效磷含量分析表明,三叶期10～20 cm的土层中,P2和P4处理速效磷含量较P1显著提高;成熟期,0～20 cm 土层中P2、P3、P4处理土壤速效磷含量较P1处理发生不同程度降低,20～30 cm 土层中P4处理较P1处理发生显著降低.相关性分析表明,三叶期10～20 cm 土层中酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤速效磷含量呈显著正相关,P2和P4处理在该土层下酸性磷酸酶活性和土壤速效磷含量均较高,有利于土壤中的磷素转化为玉米可吸收态.综上所述,磷肥分层施和穴施较传统撒施能提高玉米生育前期土壤中磷素有效性,促进根系生长发育,进而提高夏玉米产量,为黄淮地区较适宜的玉米磷肥施用方式.
In order to explore the suitable phosphate fertilizer application methods in the Huang-Huai area,this research conducted field experiments to investigate the dry matter accumulation,root morphological indexes,availa-ble phosphorus content and phosphatase activity in different soil layers,maize yield and its component factors of four phosphate fertilizer application methods(conventional broadcast(P1),layered application(P2),strip application(P3)and hole application(P4)).The results showed that the ear length and kernel row number of P2 and P4 were significantly increased by 22.57％,16.81％and 15.19％,7.60％compared with P1.The grain number per spike of P2,P3 and P4 were significantly increased by 25.26％,13.86％and 17.00％compared with P1,respectively.Additionally,a decrease of spikes per area was found in P2(15.30％)compared with P1.The yields of P2 and P4 were significantly increased by 15.20％and 10.79％compared with P1.Among root traits,the root length,root sur-face area,root volume and root tip number were significantly affected by the phosphorus application method.The root length under P2 and P4 treatments was significantly increased by 30.41％and 33.75％compared with P1.The root surface area of P2 treatment was significantly increased by 23.77％compared with P1.The root surface area of P4 treatment was significantly increased by 29.60％and 21.70％compared with P1 and P3 treatments,respective-ly.The root volume and root tip number of P2 and P4 treatments were significantly higher than those of P1 and P3.The analysis of soil available phosphorus content showed that the available phosphorus contents of P2 and P4 were significantly higher than that of P1 in the soil layer of 10-20 cm at three-leaf stage of maize.The available phos-phorus contents of P2,P3 and P4 in the 0-20 cm soil layer were lower than that of P1,and the available phosphorus content of P4 in the soil layer of 20-30 cm was significantly lower than that of P1 at maturity stage.Correlation a-nalysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between acid phosphatase activity and soil available phosphorus content in the 10-20 cm soil layer at three-leaf stage of maize.The acid phosphatase activity and soil a-vailable phosphorus content in P2 and P4 treatments were higher in this soil layer,which was conducive to the con-version of soil phosphorus into maize absorbable state.In conclusion,compared with the traditional application meth-od,layered phosphorus application and cave phosphorus application can improve the soil phosphorus availability in the early stage of maize,promote the growth and development of roots,and then increase the summer maize yield,so they are more suitable application method for corn phosphorus fertilizer in Huang-Huai area.
窦航宇;阮毅好;张颖蕾;宋苗苗;张义涵;杨留洋;杨青华;王浩
河南农业大学农学院,省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室,河南省粮食协同创新中心,河南郑州 450002
农业科学
玉米磷肥施用方式产量速效磷根系磷酸酶
CornPhosphorus fertilizerApplication methodYieldAvailable phosphorusRoot systemPhosphatase
《华北农学报》 2024 (001)
127-134 / 8
河南省自然科学基金项目(212300410157)
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