农业工程学报2023，Vol.39Issue(24)：306-315,10.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202308198
冷藏过程中原料乳脂质代谢变化的靶向脂质组学分析
Targeted lipidomic analysis of the changes in lipid metabolism of raw milk during refrigeration
摘要
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are often used as one of the most important sources of nutrients in recent years.Among them,the raw milk is required to be refrigerated at 4℃for several days before processing.However,the nutrients can vary greatly in the raw milk with the refrigeration period.Especially,a series of biochemical reactions can still occur in lipids,thus resulting in the deterioration of the quality of raw milk.This study aimed to investigate the lipid changes in the raw milk during refrigeration at 4℃.The targeted lipidomic analysis of raw milk was performed on the 0th,2nd,3rd,4th,and 6th days of refrigeration using UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS.The results showed that a total of 20 lipid subclasses and 880 lipid molecules were detected in the raw milk.Among them,TG(triglycerides),PE(phosphatidylethanolamine),and PC(phosphatidylcholine)were the most abundant subclasses.Furthermore,the content of most lipid molecules fluctuated repeatedly and then gradually decreased during the periods of refrigeration.A few lipids showed complex changes with no clear pattern during refrigeration.PCA analysis revealed that there was a difference in the lipid composition among the five groups of samples during refrigeration.A total of 420 significantly different lipid metabolites were obtained at P<0.05,and VIP>1.Namely,141,36,227,and 16 significantly different lipid species were identified for the four pairs of raw milk samples(D0 vs D2,D2 vs D3,D3 vs D4,and D4 vs D6,respectively).Among them,the comparative groups D0 vs D2 and D3 vs D4 shared the more significantly different lipid species,where the subclasses of these lipids were richer.Furthermore,a total of 98 highly significant different lipids were screened by P<0.01,VIP>1,where 71 and 27 highly significant different lipids were screened in each of the comparison groups D0 vs D2 and D3 vs D4,corresponding to 2 and 9 subclasses,respectively.There were no highly significant different lipids in the comparison groups D2 vs D3 and D4 vs D6.Subsequently,the lipid molecules up-regulated or down-regulated in the D0 vs D2 and D3 vs D4 groups were screened by FC>1.5 or FC<0.67,indicating outstanding trends.The raw milk was mainly decomposed by TG(triglyceride)at the initial stage of refrigeration(0-2 d),due to the low-temperature environment and the presence of antibacterial substances in the milk.There were fewer microorganisms in the raw milk.Endogenous enzymes were attributed to the down-regulation of TG in the raw milk,such as lipoprotein lipase.Also,a variety of functional lipids were down-regulated in the middle stage of refrigeration(3-4 d),such as PE(phosphatidylethanolamine),PC(phosphatidylcholine),Cer(ceramide),resulting in a dramatic reduction of raw milk quality.At the same time,the microorganisms grew rapidly as well.The dominant bacteria in raw milk(such as Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium)produced the lipase and protease,and then decomposed the milk fat globules,finally releasing the lipids and endogenous enzymes in them.Additionally,the resulting lipolytic enzymes interacted with the endogenous enzymes,leading to the downregulation of functional lipids at this stage.The content of highly significant different lipid molecules showed an overall decreasing trend over the refrigeration,with the most outstanding lipid changes in the comparison group D3 vs D4.Therefore,3-4 d of refrigeration was a critical stage for the lipid changes in the raw milk.Meanwhile,KEGG pathway analysis of the highly significant different lipids in the group D3 vs D4 showed that 10 lipid molecules were annotated to six metabolic pathways.Among them,PC(phosphatidylcholine),PE(phosphatidylethanolamine),PI(phosphatidylinositol),and PS(phosphatidylserine)were annotated to glycerophospholipid metabolism.Cer(ceramide)and SM(sphingomyelin)were annotated to sphingolipid metabolism.Both of them were attributed to the main metabolic pathways for 3-4 d refrigeration.关键词
冷藏/原料乳/脂质代谢/代谢通路/靶向脂质组学Key words
refrigeration/raw milk/lipid metabolism/metabolic pathways/targeted lipidomics分类
轻工纺织引用本文复制引用
高岩,卞永霞,庄姣,齐瑾,陈彦辉,史玉东,剧柠..冷藏过程中原料乳脂质代谢变化的靶向脂质组学分析[J].农业工程学报,2023,39(24):306-315,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(32160593) （32160593）
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BEF02022) （2021BEF02022）
