热带作物学报2024，Vol.45Issue(2)：304-314,11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.010
海南荔枝养分投入限量标准及减量潜力分析
Analysis of Nutrient Input Limit Standards and Reduction Potential of Litchi in Hainan
摘要
Abstract
Hainan is the southernmost litchi production area in China,but the problems of excessive nutrient input and soil degradation are serious,and the reasonable nutrient input standard is lacking.The study analyzed the current situa-tion of litchi yield,nutrient management and soil fertility in the main producing areas of Hainan,based on the principle of nutrient balance,by quantifying the crop nutrient demand law and the reasonable nitrogen surplus level under the conditions,specifying the upper limit of litchi nutrient usage,proposing the reduction target of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient inputs for litchi in Hainan,and analyzing the differences in nutrient management levels of different types of farmers and the impact on soil fertility.The upper limit of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium dosage of litchi at different yield levels in Qiongshan region was 200 kg/hm2,100 kg/hm2,and 260 kg/hm2(<10 t/hm2),273 kg/hm2,136 kg/hm2,355 kg/hm2(10‒20 t/hm2),439 kg/hm2,220 kg/hm2,571 kg/hm2(20‒42 t/hm2),respectively.The phe-nomenon of excessive fertilizer input of farmers was prominent,and the excess nutrient input was aggravated with the increase of management scale.60% ,97% and 131% of small farmers,medium operators and large-scale operators were higher than the upper limit of nitrogen fertilizer input.Phosphorus input was 204% ,236% ,258% higher than the upper limit of input;potassium content was 70% ,101% and 119% higher than the upper limit.The fertilization intensity was also significantly higher than the national NPK fertilization level of 70.8% ,189.9% ,123.4% .The surplus of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Hainan litchi orchard was 365 kg/hm2,377 kg/hm2 and 542 kg/hm2,respectively,and the nutrient use efficiency(NUE)was 34% ,21% and 27% ,respectively.A lot of phosphorus was fixed and lost in the soil.There were significant differences in the nutrient management among different types of farmers.Only 1.2% of small farmers were in the range of high N output and low N surplus,while the middle and high operators were all in the range of high N surplus.Soil phosphorus accumulation and soil acidification were prominent problems in the litchi orchards,and 46% of the orchards had soil phosphorus content over 0.96 g/kg,which was at a relatively rich level.94% of the orchards were acidic soil(pH 4.5‒5.5),and 77% of the orchards had low soil quality index(IFI)comprehensive rating.For the current Hainan litchi nutrient inputs unreasonable and soil degradation,the quota system should be adopted and promoted as soon as possible,and the use efficiency of organic and chemical fertilizer should be greatly improved,so as to realize the sustainable development of litchi fruit industry.关键词
荔枝/养分投入/养分平衡/化肥减量Key words
litchi/nutrient input/nutrient balance/fertilizer decrement分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
吴小巧,朱镕,钟于秀,王鸿霖,李伟芳,洪秀杨,李菊,阮云泽,李婷玉..海南荔枝养分投入限量标准及减量潜力分析[J].热带作物学报,2024,45(2):304-314,11.基金项目
海南省院士创新平台科研专项(No.YSPTZX202019) （No.YSPTZX202019）
海南省重大科技计划项目(No.ZDKJ2021008) （No.ZDKJ2021008）
海南省院士工作站(No.SQ2019ysgzz0037). （No.SQ2019ysgzz0037）
