高发展强度城市居民宜居满意度及影响机理的探测研究OA北大核心CSTPCD

Under the background of global urban competition,livable cities are not only a fundamental objective of world urban development and value enhancement,but also a consequential manifestation of China's national responsibility in the process of building"a community with a shared future for mankind".As one of cities with high development intensity in China,the scarcity of space resources and the continuous influx of population and the high cost of housing acquisition have posed great challenges to the development of a livable city in Shenzhen.Resident livability satisfaction is mainly affected by the joint effects of various perceived dimensions of livable cities and individual needs of residents.Among them,the former is the core content of building livable cities,while the latter mainly refers to the differences in needs caused by different group attributes of residents,such as gender,age,education,and occupation.Based on geographical exploration,this paper reveals the characteristics and influencing factors of the satisfaction of Shenzhen's residents in livable cities.The aim is to grasp the progress of livable construction in China's hotspot cities,summarize the experience and weaknesses,and draw the following specific conclusions:1)based on the questionnaire scale items,three livability factors are extracted:"F1 service supply factor","F2 environmental suitability factor",and"F3 survival and development factor".These factors reflect residents'perceptions of different dimensions of livability in Shenzhen.Among them,the environmental suitability factor,which includes four items of"green construction","urban culture","social security",and"air quality",stands out with the highest evaluation score;the service supply factor includes seven items with moderate evaluation scores;and the survival and development factor has four items with large differences in evaluation scores.Among them,"housing conditions"and"price level"have the lowest scores among all the items.2)There is a clear consistency in the distribution of different scores of items and corresponding livability satisfaction,indicating that the level of livability satisfaction is jointly influenced and constrained by various items.The results of factor analysis show that the livable factors have a significant explanatory power on livability satisfaction(1.1%～7.2%),while the explanatory power on residents'socio-economic attributes is relatively weak(0.2%～2.5%).The four items of housing conditions,social security,employment level,and price level contained in the survival and development factor have the highest explanatory power,indicating that the survival and development factor is the key control factor for Shenzhen residents'livability satisfaction.3)The results of interactive exploration show that the interaction between livable factors and residents'attributes nonlinearly enhances the effect on livability satisfaction.Among them,the interaction between the survival and development factor and residents'residential areas and household registration attributes has the most significant explanatory power enhancement,with q values of 13.0%and 12.7%respectively.Therefore,if the human survival and development factors of residents living outside the former special economic zone or non-local registered residence can be effectively targeted,especially on housing conditions,the improvement of Shenzhen's level of livability satisfaction will be maximized.4)Under the logic of factor extraction in this study,the high explanatory power and low satisfaction of the survival and development factor,especially housing conditions,contradict the high-level reality of Shenzhen's development.This reflects the phenomenon of distorted and inverted demand levels among Shenzhen residents under high pressure.In reality,it often manifests as extremely high living pressure,which makes Shenzhen residents in the lower social strata exhausted just to meet survival needs,making it difficult for their demand levels to rise.Residents in the relatively higher social strata also face the problem of forced sacrifice of high-level needs in order to enhance their competitive advantages.It is worth noting that although Shenzhen has expanded the scope of the special economic zone to the entire city in 2010,the differences in resident satisfaction among different districts show that the satisfaction of residents in the original special zone districts(Yantian,Nanshan,Futian,Luohu)is significantly higher than that of residents in the original special zone outer districts(Longgang,Guangming,Dapeng,Pingshan,Bao'an,Longhua).This reflects to some extent the problem of unbalanced regional development in Shenzhen.Limited by historical factors such as differences in policy systems inside and outside the original"second line",there are still large differences in development levels inside and outside the original special zone.In particular,the outer areas of the original special zone still lag significantly behind the inner areas in terms of economic structure,urban appearance,and public service supply levels.