中国水土保持科学2024，Vol.22Issue(1)：21-26,6.DOI:10.16843/j.sswc.2021276
水土保持生态建设下的黄土高原典型流域水沙响应
Response of water and sediment to ecological construction of soil and water conservation in the typical watersheds of the Loess Plateau
摘要
Abstract
[Background]Determining the mechanisms that drive the changes in the water-sediment processes in basins due to changes in the environment is a frontier and hot topic of international research.Due to climate change and strong anthropogenic influences,the water-sediment processes in the Yellow River basin have changed drastically,which poses significant challenges for the coordination of water-sediment relationships and the balancing of water and land resources in the basin.Research on the response to the water-sediment processes in basins to the ecological construction of water and soil conservation has an important reference significance for increasing our understanding of the causes of the dramatic changes in the water-sediment processes in the Yellow River basin.[Methods]In order to explore the evolution characteristics of water sediment relationship and its response to soil and water loss control in the sandy and coarse sand area of the Loess Plateau,the Wuding River basin in the middle reaches of the Yellow River was taken as the research object and methods such as the water-sediment relationship curve were used to analyze the multi-time-scale evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms of the water-sediment relationship in the Wuding River basin.[Results]1)The annual runoff and annual sediment discharge in the Wuding River basin from 1956 to 2019 significantly and suddenly decreased(P＜0.05),and the decrease mutation occurred around 1970.The relationship between water and sediment in the basin has undergone profound changes in inter-annual and field flood scales.There were obvious changes in the rainfall-flood and rainfall-sediment relations under extreme rainfall conditions.The parameters of the water sediment relationship curve demonstrated strong temporal variability characteristics.2)Parameter a showed the tendency rising up at the beginning and sharply declining in late,indicating a significant decrease in sediment supply in the watershed.On the contrary,parameter b displayed the tendency declining at the beginning and sharply rising up in late,indicating extreme precipitation is highly likely to cause high sediment concentration floods.3)After 2010,the frequent occurrence of heavy rains led to a significant increase in the source supply of the eroded materials in the basin and a small increase in the sediment transport capacity of the river channels in the basin.4)The implementation of water and soil conservation measures had a significant impact on the water and sediment reduction in the basin.Under similar rainfall conditions,around 2000,the runoff per unit of rainfall and the sediment discharge per unit of rainfall decreased by 47％and 62％,respectively,compared with the values in the 1970s.The increase in the area of soil and water conservation measures was consistent with the decrease in runoff and sediment discharge in the basin.[Conclusions]Soil erosion control has played an important role in improving soil erosion resistance in the sandy and coarse sand area of the Yellow River.These results provide a reference for improving our understanding of the effectiveness of regional soil erosion control measures and the causes of the sharp decrease in the sediment influx in the Yellow River.关键词
水沙关系/极端暴雨/土壤侵蚀/治理成效/黄河Key words
water-sediment relationship/extreme rainstorm/soil erosion/management effectiveness/Yellow River分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
赵阳,张永娥,王昭艳,张国军,辛艳,刘冰,魏小燕..水土保持生态建设下的黄土高原典型流域水沙响应[J].中国水土保持科学,2024,22(1):21-26,6.基金项目
国家自然科学基金"极端降雨下的黄河典型流域水沙关系演变及其影响因素研究"(51979290) （51979290）
宁夏水利科技项目"黄河宁夏段水土保持适宜治理度与措施格局优化对策研究"(SBZZ-J-2021-12) （SBZZ-J-2021-12）
