人工降雨条件下高速公路植被边坡模型水文效应测试OA北大核心CSTPCD
Hydrological effects of highway vegetation slope model under artificial rain conditions
高速公路边坡防护常采用生态护坡方式,尤其以植被结合覆盖方式防护效果较好.为掌握高速公路边坡的水文效应,通过建立边坡试验模型,设置不同处理组合开展人工降雨,探讨不同覆盖物、不同生长期植被、不同降雨强度对边坡模型水文效应的影响,以便确定最佳的边坡植被防护体系参数.结果表明:在降雨强度为120 mm·h-1时,覆盖椰丝草毯、秸秆纤维毯、草帘的边坡比裸土边坡的坡面径流量分别减少23.25%、15.66%、17.94%,而坡体水分渗透量分别增加了65.19%、48.10%、27.89%.在降雨强度为120 mm·h-1时,不同生长期的植被边坡防护能力表现出明显的差异,其中4月生植被边坡模型的坡面径流量最小,坡体水分渗透量最大,抗雨水冲刷能力最强.降雨强度为60 mm·h-1时,植被边坡并未产生坡面径流,植被发挥了很好的保护效果;随着降雨强度逐渐增大,裸土边坡和植被边坡的坡面产生径流时间和坡体水分渗出时间逐渐缩短,坡面径流量和泥沙占比均呈逐渐增大的变化趋势.综合而言,粉砂性高速公路边坡采用狗牙根(12 g·m-2)、紫穗槐(14 g·m-2)、胡枝子(10 g·m-2)种子混播后,覆盖椰丝草毯(300 g·m-2),在正常管理养护条件下,待植物生长3个月后,坡面抗雨水冲刷能力显著增强,在降雨强度不超过120 mm·h-1时,植被结合覆盖方式均表现出较好的防护效果.植物和覆盖物两者相互作用可以减弱雨水对于边坡的冲击强度,消减坡面径流量,同时植物根系有利于雨水渗透坡体,保持水土,涵养水源.
Ecological methods are often used in highway slope protection,in particular,the best effect is achieved through vegetation cover.In order to define the optimal slope protection parameters,this study explored the hydrological effects on runoff when different mulch,rainfall intensity,and slope vegetation protection parameters,were tested in a model system utilizing artificial rain.It was found that when the rainfall intensity was 120 mm·h-1,the runoff of slopes covered with coconut grass blanket,straw fiber blanket and straw curtain was reduced by 23.25%,15.66%and 17.94%,respectively,compared with that of a bare soil slope,while the water infiltration of the lope increased by 65.19%,48.10%and 27.89%,respectively.In addition,obvious differences were found in the protective effects of vegetation established for different vegetation growth periods.A model slope with vegetation established 4 months had the smallest runoff,the largest water infiltration,and the strongest resistance to rainwater erosion.At a rainfall intensity of 60 mm·h-1,no runoff was detected from the model slope due to the vegetation protection effect,compared to bare soil.With successive increases in artificial rainfall intensity,the start time of runoff and water exfiltration in bare soil slope and vegetated slopes incrementally advanced,and the runoff and sediment showed a corresponding increasing trend.In general,a silty subgrade slope mixed sowing with Cynodon dactylon(sowing rate:12 g·m-2),Amorpha fruticosa(sowing rate:14 g·m-2),Lespedeza bicolor(sowing rate:10 g·m-2),and covered with coconut grass blanket(specification:300 g·m-2),under normal management and maintenance conditions,after 3 months of plant growth,exhibited a significantly enhanced ability to resist rainwater erosion.At a rainfall intensity not exceeding 120 mm·h-1,the combination of vegetation and covering shows extraordinary protective effects.The combination of plants and mulch reduces the impact of rainwater on the slope,and reduces the runoff.In addition,the plant root system facilitates the infiltration of rainwater into the slope,and aids water and soil conservation as well.
赵娅如;曹雲翔;杨成参;史锋厚;付红祥;初磊
南京林业大学林学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏 南京 210037||江苏源顺环保科技有限公司,江苏 南京 210000南京林业大学林学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏 南京 210037华设设计集团股份有限公司,江苏 南京 210014
人工降雨边坡模型坡面径流量坡体水分渗透量防护效果
artificial rainslope modelslope runoffseepage amount of slopeprotective effect
《草业学报》 2024 (003)
24-33 / 10
江苏省交通运输科技项目(2018Y)和江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)资助.
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