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水蓼种植下猪粪处理土壤剖面磷组分与磷酸酶活性变化OA北大核心CSTPCD

Changes in phosphorus forms and phosphatase activity in the soil profile after treatment with swine manure and planting with Polygonum hydropiper

中文摘要英文摘要

农业生产中长期施用猪粪导致土壤磷过剩,增加磷流失风险.通过连续3年定位试验,探究水蓼种植下猪粪处理土壤剖面磷组分与磷酸酶活性变化,为防治土壤过剩磷流失以及磷富集植物水蓼高效提取土壤过剩磷提供科学依据.采用野外微小区模拟试验,以水蓼为材料,设1、2和3 kg·m-2猪粪处理,以不施猪粪为对照,每个处理重复3次,连续处理3年,通过每年采集植株地上部及0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm和30~40 cm土壤,测定植株磷含量和土壤剖面磷饱和度、磷组分、pH和磷酸酶活性,分析水蓼种植下猪粪处理土壤剖面磷组分与磷酸酶活性的变化特征.结果表明:1)连续3年种植水蓼条件下,水蓼地上部生物量和磷积累量均随猪粪施用量的增加而增加,在3 kg·m-2 猪粪处理下,随年份推进,水蓼地上部磷积累量分别可达200.31、195.97和195.24 mg·plant-1,磷提取能力稳定.2)连续3年种植水蓼条件下,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤磷饱和度增加速率较为缓慢,除3 kg·m-2猪粪处理外,土壤磷饱和度均小于土壤磷流失临界值25%.3)随着猪粪施用量增加,0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤各组分磷含量均增大,3年连续施用较高浓度猪粪增强了磷的移动性,0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤pH均逐渐降低,0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤磷酸酶活性均随猪粪施用量增大而升高,在3 kg·m-2猪粪处理时最高.综上所述,连续施用猪粪增加了0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤各组分磷含量,增强了土壤剖面磷的移动性,且在3 kg·m-2处理下增幅最大.水蓼具有较强的磷提取能力,可有效提取猪粪处理土壤中过剩的磷.水蓼种植条件下,随着猪粪施用量增加,0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤pH逐渐降低,土壤酸性磷酸单酯酶、碱性磷酸单酯酶、植酸酶和磷酸二酯酶活性升高,种植水蓼促进了土壤剖面磷从低效态组分到高效态组分的转化,有利于水蓼对磷的提取和积累,从而降低土壤磷流失风险.

The excessive application of swine manure in agricultural production can lead to a phosphorus surplus and increased risk of phosphorus losses from soil.In this study,a 3-year field microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in phosphorus forms and phosphatase activities in soil treated with swine manure and planted with the phosphorus-enriched plant Polygonum hydropiper.Ultimately,the goal of this research was to provide a scientific basis for preventing soil phosphorus losses and enhancing efficient phosphorus extraction by phosphorus-enriched plants such as P.hydropiper.The field microcosm simulation experiment consisted of P.hydropiper planted in soil with three swine manure treatments(1,2,and 3 kg·m-2)and a control without swine manure,each with three replicates.During the 3-year field experiment,the aboveground biomass of P.hydropiper and the amount of phosphorus accumulated in its tissues were measured annually.The aboveground parts of the plant and soil at depths of 0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-30 cm,and 30-40 cm were collected every year,and the phosphorus content of the plant and the phosphorus saturation,phosphorus composition,pH,and phosphatase activity along the soil profile were determined.The changes in phosphorus forms and phosphatase activity in the profile of soil treated with swine manure and planted with P.hydropiper were analyzed.The results showed that:1)During the 3-year field experiment,the aboveground biomass of P.hydropiper increased with increasing swine manure application,as did the amount of phosphorus accumulated in the tissues.In the 3 kg·m-2 swine manure treatment,the amount of phosphorus in the aboveground parts of P.hydropiper reached 200.31,195.97,and 195.24 mg·plant-1 in the first,second,and third year,respectively,remaining stable over the years.2)During the 3-year experiment,the rate of increase in the phosphorus content in soil in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers was relatively slow.In the 1 and 2 kg·m-2 swine manure treatments,the soil phosphorus saturation level was 25%lower than the critical value of soil phosphorus loss.3)With increasing swine manure application,the phosphorus contents in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers increased,and the application of swine manure at higher concentrations for 3 consecutive years enhanced phosphorus mobility.The pH values of the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers gradually decreased,and the phosphatase activities in these layers increased with increasing swine manure application,reaching the highest levels in the 3 kg·m-2 swine manure treatment.In conclusion,continuous application of swine manure increased the phosphorus contents in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers and enhanced the mobility of phosphorus in the soil profile,and the increase was the largest in the 3 kg·m-2 treatment.P.hydropiper demonstrated a strong ability to extract excess phosphorus from swine manure-treated soils.Under P.hydropiper cultivation,increasing swine manure application led to a gradual decrease in pH in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers,accompanied by higher activities of acid phosphomonoesterase,alkaline phosphomonoesterase,phytase,and phosphodiesterase in soil.P.hydropiper extracted and accumulated phosphorus,and promoted the transformation of soil phosphorus from less effective fractions to more effective ones,thereby reducing the risk of phosphorus losses from soil.

李秀芳;魏文静;蒲勇;李廷轩;叶代桦

四川农业大学资源学院,四川 成都 611130德阳市农业农村局,四川 德阳 618000泸州市现代农业发展促进中心,四川 泸州 646000

水蓼猪粪磷提取土壤剖面土壤磷组分土壤磷酸酶活性

Polygonum hydropiperswine manureP extractionsoil profilesoil P fractionssoil phosphatase activity

《草业学报》 2024 (003)

61-72 / 12

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(32000064),国家自然科学基金面上项目(31972499)和四川省青年科学基金(2022NSFSC1664)资助.

10.11686/cyxb2023156

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