工程科学与技术2024，Vol.56Issue(2)：129-138,10.DOI:10.15961/j.jsuese.202201321
微波能强化膜材料制备与膜分离过程
Enhanced Membrane Preparations and Separation Processes Utilizing Microwave Energy
摘要
Abstract
The innovative application of microwaves in the chemical industry is a focal point of research in the trend of chemical electrification.This encompasses various areas such as heating,industrial wastewater treatment,mineral impurity removal,organic catalysis,material synthesis,and medical sterilization.Microwave technology is gaining considerable attention as an external field-strengthening method applied to membrane separation.This is because this technology decreases the preparation time and production cost of membranes materials as well as enhances per-meability and improves the separation process of membrane processes.Firstly,this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the typical ap-plications of microwaves for preparing various membrane types,including molecular sieve membranes(such as MOF,MFI,and NaA type),poly-mer films,mixed matrix films,etc.The utilization of microwave technology is shown to result in membranes with higher flux and selectivity,as molecular sieve membranes preparation of microwave assistance exhibit more uniform crystal size and consistent crystal orientation,thinner membrane layers,and reduced defects.Polymer membranes synthesized using microwave routes demonstrate an improved polymerization rate,smoother surface,and a more regular internal structure.Additionally,mixed matrix membranes prepared using microwaves exhibit enhanced mechanical properties.This review summarizes the strengthening mechanisms of microwave technology in the preparation of diverse membrane materials.In the case of inorganic membranes,such as molecular sieve films,microwave irradiation is utilized to reduce the effective activation energy of crystalline nucleation,adjust crystal size,and induce crystal orientation.For polymer membranes,microwave technology is employed to modify membrane structure,alter the direction of heat transfer,increase polymerization grafting rates,and reduce reaction activation energy.Fur-thermore,the research explores microwave enhancement of membrane material performance in gas and liquid separation.Recognizing the dearth of basic research in this field,the paper proposes five potential mechanisms of microwave enhancement for membrane separation.These mechan-isms leverage the unique heating advantages of microwaves and include selective vaporization,induced hydrogen bond weakening,local over-heating,induced nanobubble formation,and molecular perturbation.The review suggests that these microwave effects hold promise in improving both selectivity and permeate flux by compensating for temperature gradients,reducing membrane pollution,and mitigating concentration polariz-ation in microwave-assisted membrane separation processes.关键词
微波/膜分离/膜制备/外场强化Key words
microwave/membrane separation/membrane preparation/external field intensification分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
余文清,赵振宇,李洪,高鑫..微波能强化膜材料制备与膜分离过程[J].工程科学与技术,2024,56(2):129-138,10.基金项目
中国博士后科学基金特别资助(2022TQ0232) （2022TQ0232）
中国博士后科学基金面上资助(2022M722365) （2022M722365）
国家自然科学基金面上项目(21878219) （21878219）
