生态学报2024，Vol.44Issue(5)：1868-1880,13.DOI:10.20103/j.stxb.202304280898
稳定性视角下黄土高原生态系统与生计系统的冲突与耦合
Conflict and coupling between ecosystem and livelihood system on the Loess Plateau from the perspective of stability:a case of Jia County,Shaanxi Province
摘要
Abstract
The Loess Plateau is a highly coupled area of ecological fragility and deep poverty in China.Faced with the dual pressure of protecting the ecological environment and ensuring the livelihood of the poor for a long time,the contradiction between human and land is prominent on the Loess Plateau.How to coordinate the balance between rural ecosystem system and farmers' livelihood system has become the key to the stability and sustainable development of regional human-land system.Based on the concept of stability,this paper took Jia County on the Loess Plateau as an example to quantitatively evaluate the stage of ecosystem system and livelihood system by using geospatial data and questionnaire survey data.The interaction between the two systems was sorted out and the conflict and coupling types were divided by coupling coordination degree model and relative development degree model.On this basis,the causes of the conflict relationship were analyzed and the classification management suggestions were put forward,in order to provide reference for the alleviation of regional human-land contradictions and sustainable governance.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The overall stability of ecosystem in Jia County was in high grade,but there was obviously geographic variation.The ecological stability pattern in the county showed the characteristics of"patches of low values in the north and scattered low values in the south".The human factors represented by road traffic land and construction land had significant influence on ecological stability;(2)The overall stability of livelihood system was in medium grade.Farmers'livelihood modes had tended to be diversified,but their livelihood capitals were generally lacking.Diversified livelihoods could partially compensate for a dearth of livelihood capitals,but rural geographic location and natural conditions could not be ignored in maintaining the livelihood stability;(3)The relationship between ecological system and livelihood system was mainly conflict,including moderate conflict,mild conflict,near conflict,and reluctant balance.The reluctant balanced area belonged to the false balance with low stability of both livelihood system and ecological system.Most villages in the conflict areas with sharp contradiction between human and land were lagging in livelihood,and the primary cause of human-land conflicts was the deprivation of livelihood space by ecological governance.It is suggested that by combining measures of the top to down management of decision makers and the bottom to top promotion of actors,the contradiction between human and land in counties can be gradually resolved,and the internal coordination and stability of the ecology-livelihood system can be realized.关键词
稳定性/生态系统/生计系统/耦合协调度/黄土高原Key words
stability/ecosystem/livelihood system/coupling harmonious degree/the Loess Plateau引用本文复制引用
王银,叶文丽,吴孔森,杨新军..稳定性视角下黄土高原生态系统与生计系统的冲突与耦合[J].生态学报,2024,44(5):1868-1880,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(41771574) （41771574）
