人口与经济Issue(2)：89-103,15.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2024.00.012
机器人使用与职业伤害
Robot Use and Occupational Injuries:Theoretical Mechanisms and Evidence from China
摘要
Abstract
The report of the 20th Party Congress pointed out that the protection of people's health should be prioritized as a strategic position for development,while the impact of the widespread use of industrial robots on occupational injuries has received increasing attention.This paper systematically examines the effects and mechanisms of robot use on occupational injuries based on Chinese census data,International Federation of Robotics data,regional-level data on workplace injuries,and China Labor Force Dynamics Survey data.It is found that robot use significantly reduces occupational injuries.The conclusion still holds under a series of robustness tests such as endogeneity treatment,replacement of explanatory variables,exclusion of the effect of international trade,and exclusion of the effect of certain industry trends.Heterogeneity analysis shows that robot use significantly reduces occupational injuries within the workplace and in the later stages of robot use,but the effect is not·102·significant outside the workplace and in the earlier stages of robot use.The effect of robot use on occupational injuries was greater in areas with a high proportion of manufacturing employment compared to areas with a low proportion of manufacturing employment.Mechanistic analysis found that task reallocation and improved working conditions are important channels through which robot use affects occupational injuries.Specifically,on the one hand,robot use can replace high-physical and high-risk tasks and push these workers to engage in tasks and occupations that are less physically demanding and with a lower risk of injury.On the other hand,it can help to improve working conditions by reducing the number of working hours,lowering the intensity of work and optimizing the working environment.The research in this paper provides empirical evidence from China for improving workers'occupational health through smart manufacturing transformation,and offers a feasible path for realizing the strategic goal of"Healthy China".关键词
机器人使用/任务重配/工作条件/职业伤害Key words
robot use/task reassignment/working conditions/occupational injuries分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
何小钢,郭晓斌,刘叩明..机器人使用与职业伤害[J].人口与经济,2024,(2):89-103,15.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目"机器人应用的就业极化与收入极化效应研究:理论机制、实证识别与政策设计"(72373057) （72373057）
国家社会科学基金重点项目"人工智能对制造业转型升级的影响研究"(23AZD085) （23AZD085）
江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目"信贷规制政策对企业环境绩效的影响研究"(JD23091). （JD23091）
