密码学报2024，Vol.11Issue(1)：45-66,22.DOI:10.13868/j.cnki.jcr.000669
区块链链下通道研究综述
Overview on Blockchain Of-Chain Channels
摘要
Abstract
In recent years,with the popularity of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum,blockchain has garnered widespread attention across various sectors.Nevertheless,the blockchain's trilemma—scalability,security,and decentralization—has also limited its further development,par-ticularly the scalability issue,which has resulted in transaction speeds far below those of centralized service platforms like VISA.Off-chain channels,as an extension of blockchain,have proven effective in enhancing blockchain scalability and expanding its range of applications.Firstly,this study examines the factors affecting blockchain scalability,summarizes the fundamental concepts of Layer-1 and Layer-2 scaling,and elucidates the basic processes of off-chain channels.Secondly,based on the number of participants in the channels,they are categorized into two types:two-party payment channels and multi-party payment channels.Regarding two-party payment channels,they are further classified into regular payment channels,hash time lock contract(HTLC)-based payment channels,virtual channels,and payment channel rebalancing,depending on their implementation principles and functions.An additional category is anonymous payment channels.Furthermore,for each category of channels,their basic processes are outlined,typical cases are analyzed,and their advantages and disadvantages are identified.Lastly,this study highlights the future development directions of off-chain channels from the perspectives of applications,regulation,and incentives.关键词
区块链/可扩展性/链下通道/哈希时间锁/状态通道Key words
blockchain/blockchain scalability/off-chain channels/HTLC/state channels分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
刘懿中,姜楠,陈若楠,刘建伟..区块链链下通道研究综述[J].密码学报,2024,11(1):45-66,22.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2700200) （2021YFB2700200）
国家自然科学基金(U21B2021,U2241213,62202027,61972018,61932014,62172025) （U21B2021,U2241213,62202027,61972018,61932014,62172025）
北京市自然科学基金(M23016) （M23016）
中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2022QNRC001)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2700200) （2022QNRC001）
National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(U21B2021,U2241213,62202027,61972018,61932014,62172025) （U21B2021,U2241213,62202027,61972018,61932014,62172025）
Beijing Natural Science Foundation(M23016) （M23016）
Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001) （2022QNRC001）
