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面向生境保护与连通性维护的鄂温克族自治旗生态空间划定OA北大核心CHSSCDCSTPCD

Delineation of ecological space with habitat protection and connectivity maintenance functions in Evenki Autonomous county

中文摘要英文摘要

在人类活动及气候变化影响下,自然生境萎缩与破碎化现象严重,生境保护与生境间连通性维护增强对生物多样性保护具有重要的作用与意义.以鄂温克族自治旗为例,基于MaxEnt模型对物种分布数据与环境因子变量进行训练,支持物种基质阻力面构建和生境斑块识别,为最小成本路径模型(Least Cost Path Model,LCM)生境网络建模提供基础数据,并在模拟路径有效性筛选、廊道宽度生成等方面改进LCM,通过物种生境网络集成与验证,为面向生境保护与连通性维护的生态空间划定提供新的方法与思路.结果表明:(1)生态空间发挥重要的栖息地保护作用,对重点表征物种栖息地保护率为100%,对其他物种栖息地保护率均值达到88%;(2)根据关联长度指数评价,生态空间对各物种的生境连通性维护作用明显,对凤头鸊鷉、大山雀、大斑啄木鸟、天鹅、赤狐、雀鹰等物种生境连通性的提升作用显著,最高可提升626%;(3)生态空间面积仅为鄂温克旗总面积的25.1%,为农牧业等人类活动留有较大发展空间;(4)伊敏河既是鄂温克旗重要生态主轴,也是社会经济发展主轴,应注意协调生态保护与社会经济发展的关系;(5)鄂温克旗东南部生境间连通性较差,应依托伊敏河上游各支流提升这一区域生境连通性.

The natural habitat shrinkage and fragmentation is severe due to the combined human activities influence and climate change.Protection of habitat and maintenance of connectivity between habitats play an important role in biodiversity conservation.The ecological status of Inner Mongolia is related to China's ecological security,and Ewenki Autonomous county is located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,with diverse landscapes such as mountains,water,forests,fields,grass,sand,cities,villages,and mines within its territory.In recent years,with the protection of basic grasslands and the construction of various protected areas,the quality of the natural ecology has been greatly improved.However,the contradiction between human and land still exists,and the development of agricultural and animal husbandry activities and the exploitation of mineral resources pose varying degrees of threats to wildlife habitats and migration corridors.Taking Ewenki Autonomous county as study area,this study constructs matrix resistance surface and the identifies habitat patches of each species based on the training results between corresponding species occurrence data and environmental factors simulated by MaxEnt model,which are used to model habitat networks by Least Cost Path Model(LCM),then improves the LCM in terms of effective simulation path effectiveness sifting and corridor with meaningful width generating,and finally delineates the ecological space with the aim of habitat protection and connectivity maintenance by integration of each habitat network,and verifies the protection effectiveness of the integrated network using correlation length index.The results indicate that:(1)the ecological space plays an important role in habitat protection,with the protection rate of 100%for key characteristic species and average protection rate of 88%for other species;(2)The ecological space plays a significant role in maintaining the habitat connectivity of all studied species,and significantly improves the habitat connectivity of species crested grebe(Podiceps cristatus),great tit(Parus major),great spotted woodpecker(Dendrocopos major),swan(Cygnus),red fox(Vulpes vulpes),and Eurasian sparrowhawk(Accipiter nisus),with the maximum increase of 626%,according to the assessment of correlation length index;(3)The area of ecological space is only 25.1%of the total area of Evenki Autonomous county,leaving a large space for the development of human activities such as agriculture and animal husbandry;(4)The Yimin River is not only an important ecological axis in Evenki Autonomous county,but also a social and economic development axis,and attention should be paid to coordinate the relationship between ecological protection and social-economic development;(5)The poor connectivity between habitats is found in the southeast of Evenki Autonomous county,and it is necessary to enhance the connectivity of habitats in this area by the ecological protection and recovery of the tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yimin River.

傅强;张海明;张月蓉;陈亚男;康峰

内蒙古工业大学建筑学院,呼和浩特 010051内蒙古城市规划市政设计研究院有限公司,呼和浩特 010070鄂温克族自治旗自然资源保护与发展中心,呼伦贝尔 021000

生境网络生态空间生境连通性物种分布模型最小成本路径模型鄂温克族自治旗

habitat networkEcological spaceHabitat connectivitySpecies distribution modelLeast cost path modelEvenki Autonomous county

《生态学报》 2024 (006)

基于生态网络与动态模拟模型的非建设用地规划方法研究

2295-2307 / 13

国家自然科学基金(51408344);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021MS05025,2022QN05020)

10.20103/j.stxb.202305030915

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