梵净山同域分布黔金丝猴与藏酋猴的肠道微生物结构差异OACSTPCD

Gut microbial are closely related to animal health.Gut microbiota has evolved with the host and formed a complex microecosystem with the gastrointestinal tract of animals.To compare the Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana on gut microbial composition and functions,a total of 42 winter fresh feces samples were collected from Fan-jingshan National Nature Reserve in China,and a 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was performed.The re-sults showed that the gut microbial Chaol and Shannon indexes of R.brelichi were significantly higher than those in the M.thibetana(P＜0.05).The β-diversity based on bray-curtis distance matrix found that there were some similarities and differences in the gut microbial community structure between the two groups.At the phylum level,Firmicutes was the dominant phylum,and the relative abundance of R.brelichi was higher than that of M.thibetana.At the genus lev-el,except Acinetobacter and Oscillospira,which were relatively abundant,the other dominant bacterial genera were dif-ferent between the two species.LEfSe analysis showed that the microorganisms like Coprococcus,Blautia,and Akker-mansia related to metabolic pathway had significantly different relative abundance between the two species.Functional prediction of PICRUSt showed that the gut of the two groups of microorganisms were mainly involved in metabolism,genetic information processing,environmental information processing,and cellular processes.At level 2,there were 3 types of metabolic pathways with significant differences(P＜0.05).Different species and numbers of individuals and different food sources of the two primates resulted in significant differences in gut microbiota composition and character-istics of R.brelichi and M.thibetan in the Fanjingshan.PICRUSt functional prediction showed that there were signifi-cant differences in the abundance of functional genes of gut microbiota in the two groups,suggesting that the two groups could adapt to the changes of in food resources by adjusting their gut microbiota.These results can provide a scientific basis for future in-depth study of the gut microbiome of the two primate species with highly overlapping ecological nich-es,and also have a certain reference value and practical significance for the establishment of artificial protection interven-tion measures for the two species in the field.