智慧农业（中英文）2024，Vol.6Issue(1)：147-157,11.DOI:10.12133/j.smartag.SA202309010
基于改进YOLOv8的小麦叶片病虫害检测轻量化模型
Lightweighted Wheat Leaf Diseases and Pests Detection Model Based on Improved YOLOv8
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To effectively tackle the unique attributes of wheat leaf pests and diseases in their native environment,a high-caliber and efficient pest detection model named YOLOv8-SS(You Only Look Once Version 8-SS)was proposed.This innovative model is engi-neered to accurately identify pests,thereby providing a solid scientific foundation for their prevention and management strategies. [Methods]A total of 3 639 raw datasets of images of wheat leaf pests and diseases were collected from 6 different wheat pests and dis-eases in various farmlands in the Yuchong County area of Gansu Province,at different periods of time,using mobile phones.This col-lection demonstrated the team's proficiency and commitment to advancing agricultural research.The dataset was meticulously con-structed using the LabelImg software to accurately label the images with targeted pest species.To guarantee the model's superior gen-eralization capabilities,the dataset was strategically divided into a training set and a test set in an 8:2 ratio.The dataset includes thor-ough observations and recordings of the wheat leaf blade's appearance,texture,color,as well as other variables that could influence these characteristics.The compiled dataset proved to be an invaluable asset for both training and validation activities.Leveraging the YOLOv8 algorithm,an enhanced lightweight convolutional neural network,ShuffleNetv2,was selected as the basis network for fea-ture extraction from images.This was accomplished by integrating a 3×3 Depthwise Convolution(DWConv)kernel,the h-swish acti-vation function,and a Squeeze-and-Excitation Network(SENet)attention mechanism.These enhancements streamlined the model by diminishing the parameter count and computational demands,all while sustaining high detection precision.The deployment of these sophisticated methodologies exemplified the researchers'commitment and passion for innovation.The YOLOv8 model employs the SEnet attention mechanism module within both its Backbone and Neck components,significantly reducing computational load while bolstering accuracy.This method exemplifies the model's exceptional performance,distinguishing it from other models in the domain.By integrating a dedicated small target detection layer,the model's capabilities have been augmented,enabling more efficient and pre-cise pest and disease detection.The introduction of a new detection feature map,sized 160×160 pixels,enables the network to concen-trate on identifying small-targeted pests and diseases,thereby enhancing the accuracy of pest and disease recognition. [Results and Discussion]The YOLOv8-SS wheat leaf pests and diseases detection model has been significantly improved to accurately detect wheat leaf pests and diseases in their natural environment.By employing the refined ShuffleNet V2 within the DarkNet-53 framework,as opposed to the conventional YOLOv8,under identical experimental settings,the model exhibited a 4.53%increase in recognition accuracy and a 4.91%improvement in F1-Score,compared to the initial model.Furthermore,the incorporation of a dedi-cated small target detection layer led to a subsequent rise in accuracy and F1-Scores of 2.31%and 2.16%,respectively,despite a mini-mal upsurge in the number of parameters and computational requirements.The integration of the SEnet attention mechanism module into the YOLOv8 model resulted in a detection accuracy rate increase of 1.85%and an F1-Score enhancement of 2.72%.Furthermore,by swapping the original neural network architecture with an enhanced ShuffleNet V2 and appending a compact object detection sub-layer(namely YOLOv8-SS),the resulting model exhibited a heightened recognition accuracy of 89.41%and an F1-Score of 88.12%.The YOLOv8-SS variant substantially outperformed the standard YOLOv8,showing a remarkable enhancement of 10.11%and 9.92%in accuracy,respectively.This outcome strikingly illustrates the YOLOv8-SS's prowess in balancing speed with precision.Moreover,it achieves convergence at a more rapid pace,requiring approximately 40 training epochs,to surpass other renowned models such as Faster R-CNN,MobileNetV2,SSD,YOLOv5,YOLOX,and the original YOLOv8 in accuracy.Specifically,the YOLOv8-SS boasted an average accuracy 23.01%,15.13%,11%,25.21%,27.52%,and 10.11%greater than that of the competing models,respectively.In a head-to-head trial involving a public dataset(LWDCD 2020)and a custom-built dataset,the LWDCD 2020 dataset yielded a striking accuracy of 91.30%,outperforming the custom-built dataset by a margin of 1.89%when utilizing the same network architecture,YO-LOv8-SS.The AI Challenger 2018-6 and Plant-Village-5 datasets did not perform as robustly,achieving accuracy rates of 86.90%and 86.78%respectively.The YOLOv8-SS model has shown substantial improvements in both feature extraction and learning capabilities over the original YOLOv8,particularly excelling in natural environments with intricate,unstructured backdrops. [Conclusion]The YOLOv8-SS model is meticulously designed to deliver unmatched recognition accuracy while consuming a minimal amount of storage space.In contrast to conventional detection models,this groundbreaking model exhibits superior detection accuracy and speed,rendering it exceedingly valuable across various applications.This breakthrough serves as an invaluable resource for cut-ting-edge research on crop pest and disease detection within natural environments featuring complex,unstructured backgrounds.Our method is versatile and yields significantly enhanced detection performance,all while maintaining a lean model architecture.This ren-ders it highly appropriate for real-world scenarios involving large-scale crop pest and disease detection.关键词
小麦叶片/病虫害检测/ShuffleNet V2/YOLOv8/轻量化模型Key words
wheat leaf/pests and diseases detection/ShuffleNet V2/YOLOv8/lightweight model分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
杨锋,姚晓通..基于改进YOLOv8的小麦叶片病虫害检测轻量化模型[J].智慧农业（中英文）,2024,6(1):147-157,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(51567014) （51567014）
甘肃省科技计划项目(17CX2JA022,18CX6JA022) National Natural Science Foundation of China(51567014) （17CX2JA022,18CX6JA022）
Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(17CX2JA022,18CX6JA022) （17CX2JA022,18CX6JA022）
