全方位数字宽带多波束渔用声呐研制OA北大核心CSTPCD
Development of an omnidirectional fishery sonar using digital broadband and multiple beams
针对远洋渔业捕捞作业过程中对于高效、高精度探测扫海的需求,该研究结合全方位数字宽带多波束技术具有长距离、高分辨率目标探测的特点,采用宽带技术和多波束技术抑制界面混响、体积混响的干扰,及提升探测目标分辨率,提出一种基于可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)的分布式信号处理系统架构,实现多个扇区独立探测扫海,通过水声学理论仿真分析方法,确定影响系统性能的换能器阵尺寸、最大探测距离和最优工作频点 3个主要参数之间的相互制约关系,并结合国内典型渔船现状确定渔用声呐关键参数,优选探测信号频段为 20~30 kHz.进一步分析噪声、界面混响、体积混响对探测性能的影响,采用基于FPGA的"并行+串行"宽带波束成形实现算法方案,使运算过程中片上存储资源使用量降低 90%;采用Delta-Sigma调制技术提升发射信号信噪比,将 20~30 kHz内的噪声调整到 50 kHz以上频段;提出基于两点递推插值一步预测的波束稳定改进算法,实现在渔船大幅度摇摆下实时波束稳定误差小于 1.6°(-0.8°~+0.8°).研制渔用声呐圆柱型换能器阵、高集成度接收机和发射机、256通道多通道信号处理机等核心部件,并进行系统集成,最终系统实现 256个独立的接收和发射通道,支持 20~30 kHz频段信号,具备水平360°全方位及垂直近 70°的扫描探测能力.选择远洋围网渔船进行海上试验,结果表明:系统性能稳定,环境目标探测结果清晰连续,对目标强度为 0dB鱼群的探测距离达到 1550m以上.所研制的全方位数字宽带多波束声呐关键指标满足海洋渔业捕捞场景需要,可大幅度提升渔业捕捞探测性能,为下一步大规模自主量产奠定基础.
In response to the demand for efficient and high-precision detection in marine capture fishery,here the omnidirectional fishery sonar was developed to detect the targets in long distance using digital broadband and multiple beams.Broadband technology was used to effectively suppress the interference of interface and volume reverberation.Multiple beams were to improve the resolution of target detection.A distributed architecture of signal processing was also constructed for the omnidirectional fishery sonar using a field programmable gate array(FPGA).The omnidirectional fishery sonar was divided into multiple sectors.The underwater acoustics was simulated to determine the mutual constraints between the three main influencing parameters,namely the size of the transducer array,the maximum distance of detection,and the optimal point of operating frequency.The key parameters were then selected for the fishery sonar,according to the typical fishery vessels in China.The preferred frequency band of the signal was 20-30 kHz.A systematic investigation was also conducted on the effects of noise,interface reverberation,and volume reverberation on the detection performance of omnidirectional fishery sonar.A parallel and serial broadband beamforming FPGA was utilized to reduce the on-chip storage by 90%during operation;the Delta Sigma module was adopted to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the transmission signal,where the noise within 20-30 kHz shifted to the frequency band above 50 kHz.A one-step stability of the predictive beam was improved using two-point recursive interpolation.The real-time stability errors of the beam were achieved at less than 1.6°(-0.8°-+0.8°)under significant sway of fishing vessels.The core components were also developed,such as a cylindrical transducer array,a highly integrated receiver and transmitter,and a 256 multi-channel signal processor,and system integration.256 channels were independent receiving and transmitting for the signals in the 20-30 kHz frequency band.The scanning detection capabilities were for horizontal 360° and vertical 70°.The omnidirectional multi-beam fishery sonar was installed on the deep-sea fishery vessel.Environmental and simulated target detection tests were carried out on the fish school.The sea test results showed that the omnidirectional fishery sonar better performed stable,clear and continuous detection of environmental targets,where the detection ability of the 0 dB fish target reached more than 1 500 m.The key indicators of the self-developed omnidirectional sonar can fully meet the needs of marine fishing scenarios.The finding can greatly improve the detection performance of fishing for large-scale autonomous production.
李国栋;汤涛林;张玉涛;王志俊;程婧;尹项博;魏珂;杨航;杨育红
中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海 200092
水产学
渔业声呐多波束宽带Delta-Sigma调制
fisherysonarmulti-beam broadbanddelta-sigma modulation
《农业工程学报》 2024 (004)
82-90 / 9
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32073026);海南省科技计划三亚崖州湾科技城科技创新联合项目(2021CXLH0004);崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202201801)
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